The translation on this web page was adapted from A.K. Grayson, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles (1975) and Jean-Jacques Glassner, Mesopotamian Chronicles (Atlanta, 2004).

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in blue)

The Eclectic Chronicle (ABC 24) is one of the historiographical texts from ancient Babylonia. It deals with events between 1080 and 822 that were important from a Babylonian point of view, but the exact purpose of this text is unclear. Some lines are duplicates of the Walker Chronicle.

The text of this chronicle is inscribed on a tablet, BM 27859 (98-7-11, 124), the top of which is missing. There is also a large piece missing from the lower left-hand corner. The preserved portion, about two thirds of the text, measures 45 mm wide and 60 mm long.

Translation of obverse

Translation of reverse

Note 1:
King of Babylonia between 1081 and 1069.

Note 2:
Ruled 1073-1056.

Note 3:
Adad-apla-iddina was king of Babylonia from 1068 to 1047; Itti-Marduk-balatu from 1139 to 1132. The section is identical to several lines from the Walker Chronicle.

Note 4:
This king ruled from 1004 to 988; his fifth year is 1000 BCE.

Note 5:
In this period, only Eulmaš-šakin-šumi had more than thirteen regnal years, so his fourteenth year, 991 BCE) can be meant.

Note 6:
Mar-biti-apla-usur was king of Babylonia from 984 to 979; his fourth year is 981.

Note 7:
This king ruled from 978 to 943.

Note 8:
Became king of Babylonia in 942.

Note 9:
Adad-nirari II ruled from 911 to 891.

Note 10:
Tukulti-Ninurta II was king of Assyria in 890-884.

Note 11:
Aššur-nasir-apli II of Assyria reigned from 883 to 859.

Note 12:
Šalmaneser III of Assyria was king from 858 to 824. His contemporaries can not be dated more accurately.

Note 13:
In fact, an Assyrian king must have ruled over the country The events mentioned in the next section can not be dated exactly.

Note 14:
King of Babylonia, 747-734.

Note 15:
The first full regnal year of Tiglath-pileser III of Assyria is 744; he must have ascended in 745.

Note 16:
The first full regnal year of Šalmaneser V of Assyria is 726; he must have ascended in 727.

The translation on this webpage was adapted from A.K. Grayson, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles (1975) and Jean-Jacques Glassner, Mesopotamian Chronicles (Atlanta, 2004)

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(mixed-breed demigods in teal…)

The Chronicle of the Market Prices (ABC 23) is a historiographical text from ancient Babylonia. It deals with the prices of commodities and reminds one of similar information in theAstronomical Diaries. The tablet was written in the Seleucid age.

This text is preserved on a broken tablet, BM 48498 (81-11-3, 1209), which measures 30 mm wide and 65 mm long. It is the left-hand side of a medium size tablet. Both surfaces and particularly the reverse are badly marred. A small portion is missing from the bottom of the tablet.

One kor is 180 liter.
A mina is 500 gr.
A qû is 0.84 or 0.97 liter.
A shekel is 8.33 gr silver.
A sûtu is 6 liter.

Translation Obverse

Translation Reverse

Note 1:
Hammurabi was king of Babylonia from 1792 to 1750 according to the Middle chronology.

Note 2:
Kurigalzu I was king in c.1400, Kurigalzu II in 1332-1308.

Note 3:
Merodach-Baladan (Marduk-apla-iddina) was king from 1171 to 1159.

Note 4:
Nebuchadnezzar I was king from 1125 to 1104.

Note 5:
Several kings are possible: Marduk-nadin-ahhe (1099-1082), Mardik-šapik-zeri (1081-1069), Marduk-ahhe-eriba (1046), and Marduk-zer-xxx (1045-1034).

Note 6:
Nabû-šuma-iškun died in 748 after a reign of at least thirteen years.

Source: Foster, Benjamin R. (1995) Before the Muses: myths, tales and poetry of Ancient Mesopotamia, CDL Press, Bethesda, Maryland.

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in blue)

       (Marduk & son Nabu battle cousin alien gods for dominance over gods & earthlings)

   TABLET 1

1.         I will praise the lord of Wisdom, solicitous god,

2.         Furious in the night, calming in the daylight;

3.         Marduk! lord of wisdom, solicitous god,

4.         Furious in the night, claiming in the daylight;

5.         Whose anger engulfs like a tempest,

6.         Whose breeze is sweet as the breath of morn

7.         In his fury not to be withstood, his rage the deluge,

8.         Merciful in his feelings, his emotions relenting.

9.         The skies cannot sustain the weight of his hand,

10.         His gentle palm rescues the moribund.

                   (Marduk, patron god of Babylon, demanded he become the supreme god over gods & all)

1.         Marduk! The skies cannot sustain the weight of his hand,

2.         His gentle palm rescues the moribund.

3.         When he is angry, graves are dug,

4.         His mercy raised the fallen from disaster.

5.         When he glowers, protective spirits take flight,

6.         He has regard for and turns to the one whose god has forsaken him.

7.         Harsh is his punishments, he…. in battles (?)

8.         When moved to mercy, he quickly feels pain like a mother in labor.

9.         He is bull-headed in love of mercy

10.         Like a cow with a calf, he keeps turning around watchfully.

11.         His scourge is barbed and punctures the body,

12.         His bandages are soothing, they heal the doomed.

13.         He speaks and makes one incur many sins,

14.         On the day of his justice sin and guilt are dispelled.

15.         He is the one who makes shivering and trembling,

16.         Through his sacral spell chills and shivering are relieved.

            (warriors Adad & Nergal with alien weaponry)

1.         Who raises the flood of Adad, the blow of Erra (Nergal),

2.         Who reconciles the warthful god and goddess

3.         The Lord divines the gods´ inmost thoughts

4.         But no god understand his behavior,

5.         Marduk divines the gods´s inmost thoughts

6.         But no god understand his behavior!

7.         As heavy his hand, so compassionate his heart

8.         As brutal his weapons, no life-sustaining his feelings,

9.         Without his consent, who could cure his blow?

10.         Against his will, who could sin and escape?

11.         I will proclaim his anger, which runs deep, like a fish,

12.         He punished me abruptly, then granted life

13.         To be mindful of him is propitious for ……

14.         After the Lord changed day into night

            (Marduk, god causing many wars against Enlil‘s descendants & followers)

1.         And the warrior Marduk became furious with me,

2.         My own god threw me over and disappeared,

3.         My goddess broke rank and vanished

4.         He cut off the benevolent angel who walked beside me

5.         My protecting spirit was frightened off, to seek out someone else

6.         My vigor was taken away, my manly appearance became gloomy,

7.         My dignity flew off, my cover leaped away.

8.         Terrifying signs beset me

9.         I was forced out of my house, I wandered outside,

10.         My omens were confused, they were abnormal every day,

11.         The prognostication of diviner and dream interpreter could not explain what I was undergoing.

12.         What was said in the street portended ill for me,

13.         When I lay down at nights, my dream was terrifying

14.         The king, incarnation of the gods, sun of his people

15.         His heart was enraged with me and appeasing him was impossible

16.         Courtiers were plotting hostile against me,

17.         They gathered themselves to instigate base deeds:

18.         Says the second “I ousted him from his command”

19.         So likewise the third “I will get my hands on his post!”

20.         “I will force his house!” vows the fourth

21.         As the fifth pants to speak

22.         Sixth and seventh follow in his train!” (literally in his protective spirit)

23.         The clique of seven have massed their forces,

24.         Merciless as fiends, equal to demons.

25.         So one is their body, united in purpose,

26.         Their hearts fulminate against me, ablaze like fire.

27.         Slander and lies they try to lend credence against me

28.         My mouth once proud was muzzled like a ….

29.         My lips, which used to discourse, became those of a dead man.

30.         My resounding call struck dumb,

31.         My proud head bent earthward,

32.         My stout heart turned feeble for terror,

33.         My broad breast brushed aside by a novice,

34.         My far-reaching arms pinned down by flimsy matting,

35.         I, who walked proudly, learned slinking,

36.         I, so grand, became servile,

37.         To my vast family, I became a loner,

38.         As I went through the streets, ears were pricked up at me,

39.         I would enter the palace, eyes would squint at me,

40.         My city was glowering at me like an enemy,

41.         Belligerent and hostile would seem my land!

42.         My brother became my foe,

43.         My friend became a malignant demon,

44.         My comrade would denounce me savagely,

45.         My colleague was constantly keeping the taint to this weapons,

46.         My best friend would pinch off my life.

47.         My slave cursed me openly in the assembly of gentlefolk

48.         My slavegirl defamed me before the rabble.

49.         An acquaintance would see me and make himself scarce,

50.         My family disowned me,

51.         A pit awaited anyone speaking well of me,

52.         While he who was uttering defamation of me forged ahead.

53.         One who relayed base things about me had a god for his help

54.         For the one who said “What a pity about him!” death came early,

55.         The one of no help, his life became charmed,

56.         I had no one to go at my side, nor saw I a champion.

57.         They parceled my possessions among the riffraff,

58.         The sources of my watercourses they blocked with muck,

59.         They chased the harvest song from my fields,

60.         They left my community deathly still, like that of a ravaged foe.

61.         They let another assume my duties,

62.         They appointed an outsider to my prerogatives.

63.         By day sighing, by night lamentation,

64.         Monthly, trepidation, despair the year,

65.         I moaned like a dove all my days,

66.         I let out groans as my song,

67.         My eyes are forced to look through constant crying,

68.         My eyelids are smarting through of tears.

69.         My face is darkened from the apprehensions of my heart,

70.         Terror and pain have jaundiced my face.

71.         The…. of my heart is quaking in ceaseless apprehension.

72.         ….. like a burning fire,

73.         Like the bursting of a flame falsehood beset me,

74.         …. lamentation, my imploring!

75.         The speech of lips was senseless, like a moron´s,

76.         When I tried to talk, my conversation was gibberish.

77.         I watch, that in daylight good will come upon me!

78.         The moon will change, the sun will shine!

  TABLET II

1.         One whole year to the next! The normal time passed.

2.         As I turned around, it was more and more terrible,

3.         My ill luck was on the increase, I could find no good fortune.

4.         I called to my god, he did not show his face,

5.         I prayed to my goddess, she did not raise her head.

6.         The diviner with his inspection did not get the bottom of it,

7.         Nor did the dream interpreter with his incense clear up my case

8.         I beseeched a dream spirit, but it did not enlighten me,

9.         The exorcist with his ritual did not appease divine wrath.

10.         What bizarre actions everywhere!

11.         I looked behind: persecution, harassment!

12.         Like one who had not made libations to his god,

13.         Nor invoked his goddess with a food offering,

14.         Who was not wont to prostrate, nor seen to bow down,

15.         From whose mouth supplication and prayer were wanting,

16.         Who skipped holy days, despised festivals,

17.         Who was neglectful, omitted the gods´ rites,

18.         Who had not taught his people reverence and worship,

19.         Who did not invoke his god, but ate his food offering,

20.         Who snubbed his goddess, brought her no flour offering,

21.         Like one possessed, who forgot his lord,

22.         Who casually swore a solemn oath by his god; I indeed seemed such a one!

23.         I, for my part, was mindful of supplication and prayer,

24.         Prayer to me was the natural recourse, sacrifice my rule.

25.         The day for reverencing the gods was a source of satisfaction to me,

26.         The goddess´s procession day was my profit and return.

27.         Praying for the king, that was my joy,

28.         His sennet was if for my own good omen.

29.         I instructed my land to observe the god´s rites,

30.         The goddess´s name did I drill my people to esteem

31.         I made my praises of the king like a god´s,

32.         And taught the populace reverence for the palace.

33.         I wish I knew that these things were pleasing to a god!

34.         What seems good to one´s self could be an offense to a god,

35.         What in one´s own heart seems abominable, could be good to one´s god!

36.         Who could learn the reasoning of the gods in heaven?

37.         Who could grasp the intentions of the gods of the depths?

38.         Where might human beings have learned the ways of a god?

39.         He who lived by his brawn died in confinement.

40.         Suddenly one is downcast, in a trice full of cheer,

41.         One moment he sings in exaltation,

42.         In a trice he groans like a professional mourner.

43.         People´s motivations change in a twinkling!

44.         Starving, they become like corpses,

45.         Full, they would rival their gods.

46.         In good times, they speak of scaling heaven,

47.         When it goes badly, they complain of going down to hell.

48.         I have pondered these things; I have made no sense of them.

49.         But as for me, in despair a whirlwind is driving me!

50.         Debilitating disease is let loose upon me:]

51.         An evil vapor has blown against me from the ends of the earth,

52.         Head pain has surged upon me from the breast of hell,

53.         A malignant specter has come froth from its hidden depth,

54.         A relentless ghost came out of its dwelling place.

55.         A she-demon came down from the mountain,

56.         Ague set forth with the flood and sea,

57.         Debility broke through the ground with the plants.

58.         They assembled their host, together they came upon me:

59.         My features were gloomy, my eyes ran a flood,

60.         They wrenched my muscles, made my neck limp,

61.         They thwacked my chest, pounded my breast,

62.         They affected my flesh, threw me into convulsion,

63.         They kindled a fire in my epigastrium,

64.         They churned up my bowels, they twisted my entrails

65.         Coughing and hacking infected my lungs,

66.         They infected my limbs, made my flesh pasty,

67.          My lofty stature they toppled like a wall,

68.         My robust figure they flattened like a bulrush,

69.         I was dropped like a dried fig, I was tossed on my face.

70.         A demon has clothed himself in my body for a garment,

71.         Drowsiness smothers me like a net,

72.         My eyes stare, they cannot see,

73.         My ears prick up, they cannot hear.

74.         Numbness has spread over my whole body,

75.         Paralysis has fallen upon my flesh.

76.         Stiffness has seized my arms,

77.         Debility has fallen upon my loins,

78.         My feet forgot how to move.

79.         A stroke has overcome me, I choke like one fallen

80.         Signs of death have shrouded my face!

81.         If someone thinks of me, I can´t respond to the enquirer,

82.         “Alas” they weep, I have lost consciousness,

83.         A snare is laid on my mouth,

84.         And a bolt bars my lips,

85.         My way in is barred, my point of slaking blocked,

86.         My hunger is chronic, my gullet constricted.

87.         If it be of grain, I choke it down like stinkweed,

88.         Beer, the sustenance of mankind , is sickening to me.

89.         Indeed, the malady drags on!

90.         For lack of food my features are unrecognizable,

91.         My flesh is waste, my blood has run dry,

92.         My bones are loose, covered only with skin,

93.         My tissues are inflamed, afflicted with grangrene.

94.         I took to bed, confined, going out was exhaustion,

95.         My house turned into my prison.

96.         My flesh was a shackle, my arms being useless,

97.         My person was a fetter, my feet having given way.

98.         My afflictions were grievous, the blow was severe!

99.         A scourge full of barbs thrashed me,

100.         A crop lacerated me, cruel with thorns,

101.         All day long tormentor would torment me,

102.         Nor a night would he let me breathe freely a moment

103.         My limbs were splayed and thrust apart.

104.         I spent the night in my dung like an ox,

105.         I wallowed in my excrement like a sheep.

106.         The exorcist recoiled from my symptoms,

107.         While my omens have perplexed the diviner.

108.         The exorcist did not clarify the nature of my complaint,

109.         While the diviner put no time limit on my illness.

110.         No god came to the rescue, nor lent me a hand,

111.         No goddess took pity on me, nor went at my side.

112.         My grave was open, my funerary gods ready,

113.         Before I had died, lamentation for me was done.

114.         All my country said, “How wretched he was!”

115.         When my ill-wisher heard, his face lit up,

116.         When the tidings reached her, my ill-wisher, her mood became radiant,

117.         The day grew dim for my whole family

118.         For those who knew me, their sun grew dark.

TABLET III

1.         Heavy was his hand upon me, I could not hear ti!

2.         Dread of him was oppressive, it …. me.

3.         His fierce punishment…. the deluge,

4.         His stride was…., it….

5.         Harsh, severe illness does not…. my person,

6.         I lost sight of alertness, ….. make my mind stray,

7.         I groan day and night alike,

8.         Dreaming and waking I am equally wretched.

9.         A remarkable young man of extraordinary physique,

10.         Magnificent in body, clothed in new garments,

11.         Because I was only half awake, his features lacked form.

12.         He was clad in splendor, robed in dread –

13.         He came in upon me, he stood over me,

14.         When I saw him my flesh grew numb.

15.         [ ] “The Lady has sent me,

16.         ” [ ]”.

17.         [ ] I tried to tell my people (Lishtar´s Note: he probably tried to tell his family)

18.         “[ ] sent [ ] for me”.

19.         They were silent and did not speak,

20.         They heard me in silence and did not answer.

21.         A second time I saw a dream

22.         In the dream I saw at night

23.         A remarkable purifier [ ]

24.         Holding in his hand a tamarisk rod of purification.

25.         “Laluralimma (Lishtar´s Note: an accademic Sumerian name, meaning probably a sage), resident of Nippur,

26.         Has sent me to cleanse you”.

27.         He was carrying water, he poured it over me,

28.         He pronounced the resuscitating incantation, he massaged my body.

29.         A third time I saw a dream,

30.         In my dream I saw at night:

31.         A remarkable young woman in shining countenance,

32.         Clothed like a person, being like a god,

33.         A queen among peoples []

34.         She entered upon me and sat down….

35.         She ordered my deliverance [ ]

36.         “Fear not” She said, “I will……….,

37.         “Whatever one sees of a dream……….”.

38.         She ordered my deliverance, “Most wretched indeed is he,

39.         “Whoever he might be,….. the one who saw the vision at night”

40.         In the dream was Ur-Nintinugga, a Babylonian…

41.         A bearded young man wearing a tiara,

42.         He was an exorcist, carrying a tablet,

            (Marduk, eldest son to Enki, with winged sky-discs above)

1.         “Marduk has sent me!

2.         “To Shubshi-meshre-Sakkan [the sufferer] I have brought swathe,

3.         “From his pure hands I have brought a swathe”.

4.         He has entrusted me into the hands of my ministrant.

5.         In waking hours he sent a message,

6.         He revealed his favorable sign to my people.

7.         I was awake in my sickness, a healing serpent slithered by [the symbol of the healing goddess]

8.         My illness was quickly over, my fetters were broken

9.         After my lord´s heart had quieted,

10.         And the feelings of merciful Marduk were appeased,

11.         And he had accepted my prayers,

12.         His sweet relenting ……

13.         He ordered my deliverance:” He is greatly tried”

14.         …. to extol…

15.         …. to worship and …..

16.         …. my guilt…..

17.         …. my iniquity….

18.         …. my transgression….

19.         He made the wind hear away my offenses

(The exact placement of the following lines is unknown)

1.         He applied to me his spell which binds debilitating disease

2.         He drove back the evil vapor to the ends of the earth,

3.         He bore off the head pain to the breast of hell,

4.         He sent down the malignant specter to its hidden depth,

5.         The relentless ghost he returned to its dwelling

6.         He overthrew the she-demon, sending her off to a mountain,

7.         He replaced the ague in flood and sea.

8.         He eradicated debility like a plant,

9.         Uneasy sleep, excessive drowsiness,

10.         He dissipated like smoke filling the sky.

11.         The turning towards people with “Woe!” and “Alas!” he drove away like a cloud, earth….

12.         The tenacious disease in the head, which was heavy as a millstone,

13.         He raised like dew of night, he removed it from me.

14.         My beclouded eyes, which were wrapped in the shroud of death,

15.         He drove the cloud a thousand leagues away, he brightened my vision.

16.         My ears, which were stopped and clogged like a deaf man´s,

17.         He removed their blockage, he opened my hearing.

18.         My nose, whose breathing was choked by symptoms of fever,

19.         He soothed its affliction so I could breathe freely.

20.         My babbling lips, which had taken on a hard crust,

21.         He wiped away their distress and undid their deformation.

22.         My mouth, which was muffled, so that proper speech was difficult,

23.         He scoured like copper and removed its filth.

24.         My teeth, which were clenched and locked together firmly,

25.         He opened their fastening, freed the jaws.

26.         My tongue, which was tied and could not converse,

27.         He wiped off its coating and its speech became fluent.

28.         My windpipe, which was tight and choking, as though on a gobbet,

29.         He made well and let it sing its songs like a flute.

30.         My gullet, which was swollen so it could not take food,

31.         Its swelling went down and he opened its blockage

32.         My… which…

33.         …. above….

34.         …. which was darkened like

   (three damaged lines, then gap)

TABLET IV

   (FRAGMENT A)

1.         The Lord…. me

2.         The Lord took hold of me,

3.         The Lord set me on my feet,

4.         The Lord revived me,

5.         He rescued me from the pit

6.         He summoned me from destruction

7.         …. he pulled me from the river of death,

8.         …. he took my hand.

9.         He who smote me,

10.         Marduk, he restored me!

            (Marduk & son Nabu attack Inanna, Ninhursag warns against it)

1.         It was Marduk who made him drop his weapon.

2.         He …. the attack of my foe,

3.         It was Marduk who……

    (Two fragmentary lines, then gap.

Insert here, perhaps, two lines known only from an ancient commentary)

   At the place of the river ordeal,

   where people´s fates are decided,

   I was struck on the forehead, my slavemarks removed

 (Marduk‘s mud brick-built landing site)

FRAGMENT B

1.         [ ] which in my prayers….

                (Babylon & Marduk‘s Temple ziggurat / residence)

2.         With prostration and supplication [ ] to Esagila (Marduk‘s ziggurat residence in Babylon) [ ]

3.         I who went down to the grave have returned to the Gate of Sunrise

4.         In the Gate of Prosperity prosperity was given me

5.         In the Gateway of the Guardian Spirit, a guardian spirit drew nigh to me,

6.         In the Gate of Well-being I beheld well-being

7.         In the Gate of Life I was granted life

8.         In the Gate of Sunrise I was reckoned among the living

9.         In the Gate of Splendid Wonderment my signs were plain to see.

10.         In the Gate of Release from Guilt, I was released from my bond.

11.         In the Gate of Petition my mouth made inquiry.

12.         In the Gate of Release from Sighing my sighs were released.

13.         In the Gate of Pure Water, I was sprinkled with purifying water.

14.         In the Gate of Conciliation, I appeared with Marduk,

15.         In the Gate of Joy I kissed the foot of Sarpanitum (Marduk‘s spouse),

16.         I was assiduous in supplication and prayer before them,

17.         I placed fragrant incense before them,

18.         An offering, a gift, sundry donations I presented,

19.         Many fatted oxen I slaughtered, butchered many… (to feed the giant gods)
    

20.         Honey-sweet beer and pure wine I repeatedly libated, (beer, drink of the gods)
    

21.         The protecting genius, the guardian spirit, divine attendants of the fabric of Esagila (Marduk‘s temple residence),

22.         I made their feelings glow with libation,

23.         I made them exultant with lavish meals.

24.         To the threshold, the bolt socket, the bolt, the doors

25.         I offered oil, butterfat, and choicest grain,

26.         [ ] the rites of the temple

   (large gap)

Insert here four lines quoted in an ancient commentary

1.         I proceeded along Kunush-kadru Street in a state of redemption,

2.         He who has done wrong by Esagila, let him learn from me.

3.         It was Marduk who put a muzzle on the mouth of the lion that was devouring me.

4.         Marduk took away the sling of my pursuer and deflected slingstone.

 (Marduk & his dragon symbol, alien advanced technologies, rocket atop temple in background)

  FRAGMENT C

1.         [ ] golden grain

2.         He anointed himself with sweet cedar perfume upon him,

3.         A feast for the Babylonians ……………..

4.         His tomb he had made was set up for a feast!

5.         The Babylonians saw how Marduk can restore to life,

6.         And all mouths proclaimed his greatness,

7.         “Who would have said he would see his sun?

8.         “Who would have imagined that we would pass through his street?

9.         “Who but Marduk revived him as he was dying?

10.         “Besides Sarpanitum, which goddess bestowed his breath of life?

11.         “Marduk can restore to life from the grave,

              (Alexander “the Great” & his proclaimed father Marduk; Sarpanitum & Marduk)

1.         “Sarpanitum (Marduk‘s spouse) knows how to rescue from annihilation,

2.         “Wherever earth is founded, heavens are stretched wide,

3.         “Wherever sun shines, fire ablazes,

4.         “Wherever water runs, wind blows,

(clay mixing vessels, lab assistants, newly fashioned “modern man” / baby Biblical Adam, DNA specialist Ninhursag, & “Tree of Life“)           

1.         “Those whose bits of clay Aruru (Ninhursag) pinched off to form them,

2.         “Those endowed with life, who walk upright,

3.         “Teeming mankind as many they be, give praise to Marduk!

4.         “[…] those who can speak

5.         “[…] may he rule all the peoples

6.         “[…] shepherd of all habitations

7.         “[…] floods from the deep..

8.         “[…] the gods [ ]

9.         “[…] the extent of heaven and netherworld

10.         “[…………………………………………….]

11.         “[…] was getting darker and darker for him”.