Category Archives: Akkad

Chronicle of early kings (ABC 20)

The translation on this webpage was adapted from A.K. Grayson, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles (1975) and Jean-Jacques Glassner, Mesopotamian Chronicles (Atlanta, 2004).

 

The Chronicle of early kings (ABC 20) is a historiographical text from ancient Babylonia. Although it purports to offer information about the oldest period and the Old-Babylonian empire, it was probably written much later. One anachronism is the reference to Babylon during the reign of king Sargon of Akkad. However, in outline, much information is more or less correct. The last seven lines of tabletA are identical to the beginning of tablet B, so we can be confident that we have a more or less complete text. Related subject matter can be found in chronicle CM 41.

 

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in bluemixed-breed demigods in teal…)

 

Translation of tablet A

1 Sargon, king of Agade, came to power during the reign of Ištar (Inanna) [1] and
2 he had neither rival nor equal. His splendor, over the lands
3 it diffused. He crossed the sea in the east.
4 In the eleventh year he conquered the western land to its farthest point.
5 He brought it under one authority. He set up his statues there
6 and ferried the west’s booty across on barges.
7 He stationed his court officials at intervals of five double hours and
8 ruled in unity the tribes of the lands.
9 He marched to Kazallu and turned Kazallu into a ruin heap,
10 so that there was not even a perch for a bird left.
11 Afterwards, in his old age, all of the lands rebelled again and
12 surrounded him in Agade. Sargon went out to fight and brought about their defeat.
13 He overthrew them and overpowered their extensive army.
14 Afterwards, Subartu attacked Sargon in full force and called him to arms.
15 Sargon set an ambush and completely defeated them.
16 He overpowered their extensive army
17 and sent their possessions into Akkad.
18 He dug up the dirt of the pit of Babylon and
19 made a counterpart of Babylon next to Agade.
20 Because the wrong he had done [2] the great lord Marduk became angry and wiped out his family by famine.
21 From east to west, the subjects rebelled against him
23 and Marduk afflicted him with insomnia.
——————————————
24 Naram-Sin,[3] son of Sargon, marched to Apišal.
25 He made a breach in the city wall and Riš-Adad
26 he captured, the king of Apišal, and the vizier of Apišal.
27 He marched to Magan and captured Mannu-dannu, king of Magan.
——————————————
28 Šulgi,[4] the son of Ur-Nammu, provided abundant food for Eridu, which is on the seashore.
29 But he had criminal tendencies and the property of Esagila and Babylon

30 he took away as booty. Bêl (Marduk) caused […] to consume his body and killed him.

——————————————
31 Irra-imitti,[5] the king, installed Enlil-bani, the gardener,
32 as substitute king [6] on his throne.
33 He placed the royal tiara on his head.
34 Irra-imitti died in his palace when he sipped a hot soup.
35 Enlil-bani, who occupied the throne, did not give it up and
36 so he was sovereign.
——————————————
37 Ilu-šumma was king of Assyria at the time of Su-abu.
38 Battles.

Translation of tablet B

Obverse
1-7 Identical to tablet A 31-36.
8 Hammurabi,[7] king of Babylon, mustered his army and
9 marched against Rim-Sin [I], king of Ur.
10 Hammurabi captured Ur and Larsa and
11 took their property to Babylon.
12 He brought Rim-Sin in a ki-is-kap to Babylon.
——————————————
13 Samsu-iluna,[8] king of Babylon, son of Hammurabi, the king
14 […] he mustered and
15 […] Rim-Sin [II] marched to […]
16 […] he captured and
17 […] in good health in his palace
18 […] he went and surrounded […]
19 […] his people […]
20 […]
Lacuna
Reverse
Lacuna
1′ […]
2′ […] Iluma-ilu […]
3′ […] he made […]
4′ he did battle against them […]
5′ their corpses [..] in the sea […]
6′ he repeated and Samsu-iluna […]
7′ Iluma-ilu attacked and brought about the defeat of his army.
——————————————
8′ Abi-ešuh,[9] son of Samsu-iluna, set out to conquer Iluma-ilu.
9′ He decided to dam the Tigris.
10′ He dammed the Tigris but did not capture Iluma-ilu.
——————————————
11′ At the time of Samsuditana [10] the Hittites marched against Akkad.
——————————————
12′ Ea-gamil,[11] the king of the Sealand, fled to Elam.
13′ After he had gone, Ulam-Buriaš, brother of Kaštiliašu, the Kassite,
14′ mustered an army and conquered the Sealand. He was master of the land.
——————————————
15′ Agum, the son of Kaštiliašu, mustered his army and
16′ marched to the Sealand.
17′ He seized Dur-Enlil and
18′ destroyed Egalgašešna, Enlil‘s temple (secondary residence) in Dur-Enlil.
——————————————

Note 1:
According to the Middle chronology,
Sargon ruled from 2334 to 2279. His eleventh year would be 2323 BCE. He was the founder of the dynasty of Akkad.

Note 2:
I.e., building a rival to Babylon.

Note 3:
According to the Middle Chronology, Naram-Sin ruled from 2254 to 2218.

Note 4:
According to the Middle Chronology, Šulgi ruled from 2094 to 2047. He was the second king of the Third Dynasty of Ur.

Note 5:
According to the Middle Chronology, Irra-Imitti, king of Isin, ruled from 1868 to 1861. His successor
Enlil-bani occupied the throne in 1860-1837. This story is also told in CM 41, tablet B.

Note 6:
Substitute kings were appointed when evil omens predicted the death of a king. Irra-imitti’s sin may have been that he stayed in the palace.

Note 7:
According to the Middle Chronology, the Babylonian king Hammurabi ruled from 1792 to 1750. Rim-Sin of Larsa was defeated in 1762, after a reign that had started in 1822 (!).

Note 8:
Samsu-iluna ruled from 1749 to 1712, according to the Middle Chronology.

Note 9:
Abi-ešuh ruled, according to the Middle Chronology, from 1711 to 1696. The story about the damming of the Tigris is also told in CM 41, tablet B.

Note 10:
Samsu-ditana became king in 1625 (Middle Chronology) and Babylon was sacked in 1595.

Note 11:
Last king of the Sealand Dynasty. Dating is impossible.

 

The Dialogue of Pessimism

Here is a complete translation of the piece based on the Akkadian text, reconstructed especially through the efforts of W.G. LAMBERT, Edition of the text by W.G. Lambert in 1960

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in blue)

DRIVE TO PALACE

[Slave, listen to me!]

Here I am, master, here I am!

[Quickly! Fetch me the chariot and hitch it up.

I want to drive to the palace.

Drive, master, drive! It will be to your advantage.

When he will see you, the king will give you honors.

[O well, slave] I will not drive to the palace!

Do not drive, master, do not drive!

When he will see you, the king may send you God knows where,

He may make you take a route that you do not know,

He will make you suffer agony day and night.

II – BANQUET

Slave, listen to me!

Here I am, master, here I am

Quickly! Fetch me water for my hands, I want to dine!

Dine, master, dine! A good meal relaxes the mind!

[ ] the meal of his god.

To wash one´s hand passes the time!

O well, slave, I will not dine!

Do not dine, master, do not dine!

To eat only when one is hungry,

to drink only when one is thirsty is best for man!

III – HUNT

Slave, listen to me!

Here I am, master, here I am!

Quickly! Fetch me my chariot. I am going to hunt!

Drive, master, drive! A hunter gets his belly filled!

The hunting dog will break the bones of the prey!

The raven that scours the country can feed its nest!

The fleeting onager finds rich pastures!

O well, slave, I will not hunt!

Do not go, master, do not go!

The hunter´s luck changes!

The hunting dog´s teeth will get broken!

The raven that scours the country has a hole in the wall as a home.

The fleeting onager has the desert as his stable?

IV – MARRIAGE

Slave, listen to me!

Here I am, master, here I am! I want to set up a home,

I want to have a son!

Have them, master, have them!

The man who sets up a home […]

How could I set up a home!

Do not set up a home;

otherwise you will break up your father´s home!

V – LITIGATION

          Only fragments of this stanza remain.

They allow us to see that the master wants to go to court.

For that purpose he decides first to let his opponent act, without saying a word.

Then, changing his mind as usual, he does not want to remain silent anymore.

Do not remain silent, master, do not remain silent!

If you do not open your mouth, your opponent will have a free hand!

Your prosecutors will be savage to you, if you speak!

VI – REVOLUTION

Slave, listen to me!

Here I am, master, here I am!

I want to lead a revolution!

So lead, master, lead!

If you do not lead a revolution, where will your clothes come from?

And who will enable you to fill your belly?

O well, slave, I do not want to lead a revolution!

Do not lead, master, do not lead a revolution!

The man who leads a revolution is either killed or flayed,

Or has his eyes put out, or is arrested and thrown to jail!

VII – LOVEMAKING

Slave, listen to me!

Here I am, master, here I am! I want to make love to a woman

Make love, master, make love!

The man who makes love to a woman forgets sorrow and fear!

O well, slave, I do not want to make love to a woman!

Do not make love, master, do not make love!

Woman is a real pitfall, a hole, a ditch,

Woman is a sharp iron dagger that cuts a man´s throat!

VIII – SACRIFICE

Slave, listen to me!

Here I am, master, here I am!

Quick! Fetch me water for my hands and give it to me.

I want to sacrifice to my god

Sacrifice, master, sacrifice!

The man who sacrifices to his god is satisfied at heart.

He accumulates benefit after benefit.

O well, slave, I do not want to sacrifice to my god!

Do not sacrifice, master, do not sacrifice!

You will teach your god to run after you like a dog.

Whether he asks of you “Rites” or

“Do you not consult your god?” or anything else!

IX – BUSINESS

Slave, listen to me!

Here I am, master, here I am!

I want to invest silver.

Invest, master, invest.

The man who invests keeps his capital while his interest is enormous!

O well, slave, I do not want to invest silver!

Do not invest, master, do not invest!

Making loans is as sweet as making love,

but getting them back is like having children!

They will take away your capital, cursing you without cease.

They will make you lose the interest on the capital!

X – PHILANTROPY

Slave, listen to me!

Here I am, master, here I am!

I want to perform a public benefit for my country!

So do it, master, do it!

The man who performs a public benefit for his country

2e-giant-marduk-father-to-seth-ashur-nabu (earthling stands before Marduk)

His actions are exposed to the circle of Marduk!

O well, slave, I do not want to perform a public benefit for my country!

Do not perform, master, do not perform!

Go up the ancient tells and walk about.

See the mixed skulls of plebeians and nobles.

Which is the malefactor and which is the benefactor?

XI – CONCLUSION

Slave, listen to me!

Here I am, master, here I am!

What then is good? To have my neck and yours broken,

Or to be thrown into the river, is that good?

Who is so tall as to ascend to heaven?

Who is so broad as to encompass the entire world?

O well, slave, I will kill you and send you first! –

Yes, but my master would certainly not survive me for three days!

The Advice of an Akkadian Father to His Son

c. 2200 BC

http://history-world.org/advice of an akkadian father to .htm

Portions of this work contributed by Robert A. Guisepi and F. Roy Williams, University of California

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in blue)

Do not set out to stand around in the assembly.

Do not loiter where there is a dispute, for in the dispute they will have you as an observer.

Then you will be made a witness for them,

and they will involve you in a lawsuit to affirm something that does not concern you.

In case of a dispute, get away from it, disregard it!

If a dispute involving you should flare up, calm it down.

A dispute is a covered pit, a wall which can cover over its foes;

it brings to mind what one has forgotten and makes an accusation against a man.

Do not return evil to your adversary; requite with kindness the one who does evil to you,

maintain justice for your enemy, be friendly to your enemy.

Give food to eat, beer to drink, grant what is requested, provide for and treat with honor.

At this one’s god takes pleasure.

2b - Utu (Utu, son to Nannar, grandson to Earth Colony Commander Enlil)

It is pleasing to Shamash (Utu), who will repay him with favor.

Do good things, be kind all your days.

Do not honor a slave girl in your house;

she should not rule your bedroom like a wife, do not give yourself over to slave girls….

Let this be said among your people:

“The household which a slave girl rules, she disrupts.”

Do not marry a prostitute, whose husbands are legion,

an Ishtar-woman who is dedicated to a god a kulmashitu-woman. . . .

When you have trouble, she will not support you, when you have a dispute she will be a mocker.

There is no reverence or submissiveness in her.

Even if she is powerful in the household, get rid of her,

for she pricks up her ears for the footsteps of another.

My son, if it be the wish of a ruler that you belong to him, if you are entrusted with his closely guarded seal,

open his treasure house and enter it, for no one but you may do it.

Uncounted wealth you will find inside, but do not covet any of that, nor set your mind on a secret crime,

for afterwards the matter will be investigated and the secret crime which you committed will be exposed.

Do not speak ill, speak only good.

Do not say evil things, speak well of people.

He who speaks ill and says evil— people will waylay him because of his debt to Shamash.

2ee - Utu, Shamash (giant mixed-breed king stands before Utu, the Sun God)

Do not talk too freely, watch what you say.

Do not express your innermost thoughts even when you are alone.

What you say in haste you may regret later.

Exert yourself to restrain your speech.

Worship your god every day.

Sacrifice and pious utterance are the proper accompaniment of incense.

Have a freewill offering for your god, for this is proper toward a god.

Prayer, supplication, and prostration offer him daily,

then your prayer will be granted, and you will be in harmony with god.

Agade / Akkad Quotes From Zecharia Sitchin Books

SEE SITCHIN’S EARTH CHRONICLES, ETC.:

 

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in bluemixed-breed demigods in teal…)

 

at that time, holy Inanna established the sanctuary of Agade

as her celebrated woman’s domain; she set up her throne in Ulmac…”

       

        “Inanna’s temple in Agade, UL.MASH (“Glittering, Luxurious”)

         in Agade did Inanna erect a temple as her noble abode;

         in the Ulmash she set up a throne…”

       

         “In those days, the dwellings of Agade were filled with gold;

         its bright-shining houses were filled with silver.

         Into its storehouses were brought copper, lead and slabs of lapis-lazuli;

         its granaries bulged at the sides.

         Its old men were endowed with wisdom,

         its old women were endowed with elegance;

         its young men were endowed with the Strength-of Weapons,

         its little children were endowed with joyous hearts…

         The city was full of music…”

 

One legend related of Sargon in neo-Assyrian times says that:

“My mother was a changeling (?), my father I knew not.

The brothers of my father loved the hills.

My city is Azurpiranu (the wilderness herb fields),

which is situated on the banks of the Euphrates

My changeling mother conceived me, in secret she bore me.

She set me in a basket of rushes, with bitumen she sealed my lid.

She cast me into the river which rose not over me.

The river bore me up and carried me to Akki, the drawer of water.

Akki, the drawer of water, took me as his son and reared me.

Akki the drawer of water, appointed me as his gardener.

While I was gardener Ishtar (Inanna) granted me her love,

and for four and (fifty?) … years I exercised kingship…”

 

Sargon, the king, to whom Enlil permitted no rival—

         5,400 warriors ate bread daily before him …”

 

One tablet reads:

         “Sargon, the king of Kish, triumphed in thirty-four battles (over the cities)

         up to the edge of the sea (and) destroyed their walls.

         He made the ships from Meluhha (the Indus civilization),

         the ships from Magan (and) the ships from Dilmun (Bahrein)

         tie up alongside the quay of Agade.

        Sargon the king prostrated himself before (the god) Dagan

         (and) made supplication to him;

         (and) he (Dagan) gave him the upper land,

         namely Mari, Yarmuti, (and) Ebla,

         up to the Cedar Forest (and) up to the Silver Mountain …”

 

Troubles multiplied toward the end of his reign. A later Babylonian text states

In his old age, all the lands revolted against him,

and they besieged him in Akkad (the city)…”

but

         “he went forth to battle and defeated them,

         he knocked them over and destroyed their vast army…”

 

Also shortly after,

the Subartu (mountainous tribes of) the upper country—

in their turn attacked, but they submitted to his arms,

and Sargon settled their habitations, and he smote them grievously…”

 

The Curse of Agade” chronicled…that Inanna had indeed gotten out of hand,“the word of the Ekur” (Enlil’s sacred precinct) was issued against her. But Inanna…forsook her temple and escaped from Agade:

         “The ‘word of Ekur‘ (Enlil’s residence – command post) was upon Agade like a deadly silence;

         Agade was all atremble, its Ulmash temple was in terror;

         She who lived there, left the city.

         The maiden forsook her chamber;

         Holy Inanna forsook her shrine in Agade…”

 

The great gods arrived in Agade, they only found an empty temple; all they could do is strip the place of its attributes:

         “In days not five, in day not ten,

         The crownband of lordship, the tiara of Kingship, the throne given to rulership

         Ninurta brought over to his temple;

         Utu carried off the city’s ‘Eloquence’;

         Enki withdrew its ‘Wisdom.’

         Its Awesomeness that could reach the Heaven,

         Anu brought up to the midst of Heaven…”

       

        “The kingship of Agade was prostrated, its future was extremely unhappy…”

Then

         “Naram-Sin had a vision,

         He kept it to himself, put it not in speech,

         spoke with nobody about it…

         Seven years Naram-Sin remained in wait…”

 

The coup…against Anu was accompanied by a parallel attack on Enlil’s seat and symbols of authority. This task was assigned by Inanna to Naram-Sin. Upon receiving his new orders:

         “He defiled the word of Enlil,

         Crushed those who had served Enlil,

         Mobilized his troops, and

         Like a hero accustomed to high-handedness

         Put a restraining hand on the Ekur.

         Like a bandit he plundered it…”

       

        “Erecting large ladders against the House,…”

smashing his way in, he entered its Holy of Holies:

         “the people now saw its sacred cella, a chamber that knew not light;

         the Akkadians saw the holy vessels of the god…”

 

Naram-Sin

         “cast them into the fire, docked large boats at the quay by the House of Enlil,

         and carried off the possessions of the city…”

 

The horrible sacrilege was complete…Enlil lifted his eyes”…Because his beloved Ekur had been attacked,he ordered the hordes of Gutium—a mountainland to the northeast of Mesopotamia—to attack Akkad and lay it waste. They came down upon Akkad and its cities

         “in vast numbers, like locusts…nothing escaped their arm…”

 

The fall of Akkad was due to Naram-Suen’s attack upon the city of Nippur. When prompted by a pair of inauspicious oracles from Inanna, the king sacked the E-kur temple, the House of Enlil. As a result of this, eight chief deities of the Anunaki pantheon came together and withdrew their support from Akkad.

        For the first time since cities were built and founded,

         The great agricultural tracts produced no grain,

         The inundated tracts produced no fish,

         The irrigated orchards produced neither wine nor syrup,

         The gathered clouds did not rain, the masgurum did not grow.

         At that time, one shekel’s worth of oil was only one-half quart,

         One shekel’s worth of grain was only one-half quart. . . .

         These sold at such prices in the markets of all the cities!

         He who slept on the roof, died on the roof,

         He who slept in the house, had no burial,

         People were flailing at themselves from hunger…”

       

        “the city who dared assault the Ekur…”

       

        “And lo, so it came to pass…Agade is destroyed…”

Agade forever remained desolate.

 

A later Babylonian text states:

In his old age, all the lands revolted against him,

and they besieged him in Akkad (the city)…”

but

         “he went forth to battle and defeated them,

he knocked them over and destroyed their vast army…”

Also shortly after,

the Subartu (mountainous tribes of) the upper country—

in their turn attacked, but they submitted to his arms,

and Sargon settled their habitations, and he smote them grievously…”

       

        “Who was king? Who was not king?

         Irgigi the king; Nanum, the king; Imi the king; Ilulu, the king—

         the four of them were kings but reigned only three years.

         Dudu reigned 21 years; Shu-Durul, the son of Dudu, reigned 15 years. …

         Agade was defeated and its kingship carried off to Uruk…”

 

We read further in the inegmatic text that during the Gutian occupation that followed Naram-Sin’s reign, the divine object lay untouched

         “beside the dam-works for the waters…”

because

         “they knew not how to carry out the rules regarding the divine artifact…”

The object had to remain in its divine place

         “without being opened up,…”

and

         “not being offered to any god…”

until

         “the gods who brought the destruction shall make restitution….”

 

King Utu-Hehal

         “seized the Shuhadaku in its place of resting; into his hand he took it…”

although

         “the end of the restitution has not yet occurred…”

Unauthorized, Utu-Hegal

         raised the weapon against the city he was besieging…”

As soon as he had done that, he fell dead.

         “The river carried off his sunken body…”

Ishkur (Adad’s Houses) – Temple Hymns

The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in blue)

        O house inspiring terror like a great lion, making as clear as day

         1b - Ishkur, Adad, Teshub  (giant god Adad in statue form, now eliminated, shamefully destroyed by Radical Islam, hiding from vast populations ancient historical records & artifacts that contradict modern belief systems)

        the decisions for those on the high plain, house of Iškur (Adad), at your front is abundance, at your rear is celebration.

        Your foundation is a horned bull, a lion.

        Holy staff, teat of heaven with rain for fine barley,

        the pilasters of your house are a wild bull with outspread horns, your ……, foundation and wall rising of their own accord,

        ……, thick cloud, …… snake, …… moonlight, …… Iškur, a sweeping flood, …… a storm and seven raging winds,

        ……, blowing raging winds, …… running from the ……, splits the …… hillside, diorite, stones and …….

        2 lines missing

        1 line fragmentary

        The ……, the seed of the Land, the ……, the …… prince, the canal inspector of heaven and earth,

        the …… living, the numerous people, the ……, Iškur, has erected a house in your precinct,

        OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA (Ishkur / Adad, god of the north & west of Mesopotamia, Earth Colony Commander Enlil’s 3rd son)

        O house Karkara, and taken his seat upon your dais.

        23 lines: the house of Iškur in Karkara.

Aba Temple (Residence in Agade) Hymn

The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in blue)

        3d - Adad with alien technology weaponry (rock relief of Adad with high-tech alien weaponry, the Thunder God in all our cultures)

        O house, right arm, battle-ax cutting down the rebel lands, digging up their green fields,

        2 lines fragmentary

        Your prince, the warrior who ……, who defeats (?) all in battle, exulting ……,

        1e - Rimmon, Adad with lightening bolts (Rimmon / Aba / Adad, royal grandson to alien Anunnaki King Anu, the god in heaven ruling earth)

        Aba, the god of Agade, has erected a house in your precinct,

        O house Agade, and taken his seat upon your dais.

        8 lines: the house of Aba (Adad) in Agade (Akkad).

TO HOME PAGE – CLICK HERE

TO ALALU      ANU

                         ENLIL                          BAU                   ENKI                      NINHURSAG

NINURTA    NANNAR    ADAD                                   MARDUK    NERGAL    GIBIL    NINGISHZIDDA    DUMUZI

NINSUN      UTU    INANNA    ERESHKIGAL             ASHUR    SETH    NABU

                                                                                          HORUS

ASSEMBLY OF THE GODS    INDEX OF THE GODS    148 MINOR GODS QUOTES / TEXTS

44 MINOR GODS    TIME-LINE OF THE GODS    ANCIENT ASTRONAUTS    WINGED GODS & DISCS

PLANET NIBIRU    MUL-MUL OF 12    GIANTS    MAN’S BASICS TO BEYOND (A-L)(M-Z)

NIPPUR    ERIDU    BAD-TIBERA    SIPPAR    SHURUPPAK    KISH    ISIN    LAGASH    NIMRUD

UR    LARSA    AKKAD    URUK    BABYLON    ASSYRIA    ASSUR    BORSIPPA

SYMBOLS OF ANU’S DESCENDANTS UNDER ENLIL      SYMBOLS OF ANU’S DESCENDANTS UNDER ENKI

The Cursing of Agade (Akkad)

The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature

 

3b - Agade-Akkad, Sargon's Empire Agade / Akkad, ancient land of alien giants)

 

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in bluemixed-breed demigods in teal…)

(Enki’s creation = Enkidu, Enlil’s creation Hawawa)

         

             (Bull of Heaven killed)

After Enlil‘s frown had slain Kic (Kish) as if it were the Bull of Heaven,

had slaughtered the house of the land of Unug (Uruk) in the dust as if it were a mighty bull,

and then Enlil had given the ruler ship and kingship from the south as far as the highlands to Sargon, king of Agade

           2 - Inanna(Inanna with alien technologies, goddess-spouse to mixed-breed made king, Sargon)

         at that time, holy Inanna established the sanctuary of Agade

as her celebrated woman’s domain; she set up her throne in Ulmac.

 

 2 - seated Inanna  (Inanna seated upon her throne)

Like a young man building a house for the first time, like a girl establishing a woman’s domain,

holy Inanna did not sleep as she ensured that the warehouses would be provisioned;

that dwellings would be founded in the city; that its people would eat splendid food;

 

that its people would drink splendid beverages; that those bathed for holidays would rejoice in the courtyards;

that the people would throng the places of celebration; that acquaintances would dine together;

         that foreigners would cruise about like unusual birds in the sky;

         that even Marhaci would be re-entered on the tribute rolls;

that monkeys, mighty elephants, water buffalo, exotic animals, as well as thoroughbred dogs, lions,

mountain ibexes (some mss. have instead: mountain beasts (?)) (some mss. have instead: horses),

and alum sheep with long wool would jostle each other in the public squares.

 

She then filled Agade‘s stores for emmer wheat with gold, she filled its stores for white emmer wheat with silver;

she delivered copper, tin, and blocks of lapis lazuli to its granaries and sealed its silos from outside.

She endowed its old women with the gift of giving counsel, she endowed its old men with the gift of eloquence.

She endowed its young women with the gift of entertaining,

she endowed its young men with martial might, she endowed its little ones with joy.

 

The nursemaids who cared for (some mss. have instead: of) the general’s children played the aljarsur instruments.

              (music begins in Sumer)

Inside the city tigi drums sounded; outside it, flutes and zamzam instruments.

Its harbor where ships moored was full of joy.

All foreign lands rested contentedly, and their people experienced happiness.

 

6d - Naram-Sin-King-of-Akkad (Narram-Suen, giant mixed-breed made king, grandson to Sargon the Great)

Its king, the shepherd (King) Naram- Suen, rose as the daylight on the holy throne of Agade.

6cc - Sargon's grandson Naram-Sin Victory Stela

(giant mixed-breed King Narram-Sin with alien technologies – landed shem / command module of an alien sky-ship)

Its city wall , like a mountain, (1 ms. has instead: , a great mountain,) reached the heavens.

         It was like the Tigris going to (some mss. have instead: flowing into) the sea 

            1y - Nippur, Enlil's City in the 1st Region (1st cities on Earth, giant alien gods established in ancient Sumer)

         as holy Inanna opened the portals of its city-gates and made Sumer bring its own possessions upstream by boats.

 

             (Martu & the Martu uncivilized earthlings) (far less advanced people living in mountains, “ape-like primitives”, named & controlled by Anu‘s son Martu)

The highland Martu people ignorant of agriculture, brought spirited cattle and kids for her.

The Meluhans, the people of the black land, brought exotic wares

(some mss. have instead: wares of foreign countries) up to her.

Elam and Subir loaded themselves with goods for her as if they were packasses.

All the governors, the temple administrators (1 ms. has instead: generals),

and the accountants of the Gu-edina regularly supplied the monthly and New Year offerings.

What a weariness all these caused at Agade‘s city gates!

 

Holy Inanna could hardly receive all these offerings.

As if she were a citizen there, she could not restrain (?) the desire (?) to prepare the ground for a temple.

But the statement coming from the E-kur (Enlil‘s ziggurat temple / residence in Nippur) was disquieting.

 

Because of Enlil (?) all Agade was reduced (?) to trembling, and terror befell Inanna in Ulmac.

She left the city, returning to her home.

Holy Inanna abandoned the sanctuary of Agade like someone abandoning the young women of her woman’s domain.

 

1c - war dressed Ishtar atop lion - Leo  (Inanna, Goddess of War with high-tech alien weaponry used against non-loyal earthlings)

Like a warrior hurrying to arms, she removed (some mss. have instead: tore away) the gift of battle

and fight from the city and handed them over to the enemy.

 (Ninurta seated, Enlil‘s heir & warrior son)

Not even five or ten days had passed and Ninurta brought the jewels of ruler ship,

the royal crown, the emblem and the royal throne bestowed on Agade, back into his E-cumeca.

 

2c - Utu - Shamash, Commander of the Space Port (Utu, grandson to Enlil, son to Nannar, twin to Inanna)

Utu took away the eloquence of the city. Enki took away its wisdom.

 (Anu, King & god the father in Heaven, his sons established Earth Colony)

An took up (some mss. have instead: out) (1 ms. has instead: away)

into the midst of heaven its fearsomeness that reaches heaven.

2c - Iananna, Goddess of Love & War (Inanna, twin to Utu, Goddess of Love & War)

Enki tore out its well-anchored holy mooring pole from the abzu.

Inanna took away its weapons.

The life of Agade‘s sanctuary was brought to an end

as if it had been only the life of a tiny carp in the deep waters, and all the cities were watching it.

 

Like a mighty elephant, it bent its neck to the ground while they all raised their horns like mighty bulls.

Like a dying dragon, it dragged its head on the earth and they jointly deprived it of honor as in a battle.

6b - Naram-Sin, by Sin Loved, King of Akkad  (giant mixed-breed King of Akkad, Narram-Suen, descendant offspring of the gods)

(King) Naram- Suen saw in a nocturnal vision

that Enlil would not let the kingdom of Agade-occupy a pleasant, lasting residence,

that he would make its future altogether unfavorable,

that he would make its temples shake and would scatter its treasures (1 ms. has instead: destroy its treasuries).

 

He realized what the dream was about, but did not put into words, and did not discuss it with anyone.

(1 ms. adds 2 lines: …… temples shake ……, …… perform (?) extispicy regarding (?) his temple …….)

3a - Enlil's Ekur-House in Nippur

(E-kur, mud brick-built mountain / residence of Enlil & Ninlil in his patron city of Nippur)

Because of the E-kur, he put on mourning clothes,

covered his chariot with a reed mat (1 ms. has instead: pulled out the outside pin of his chariot),

tore the reed canopy off his ceremonial barge (1 ms. has instead: the prow of his ceremonial barge)

(1 ms. has instead: the cabin of his ceremonial barge), and gave away his royal paraphernalia.

 

(King) Naram- Suen persisted for seven years!

Who has ever seen a king burying his head in his hands for seven years?

(some mss. add the line: He realized what the dream was about,

but did not put it into words, and did not discuss it with anyone.)

Then he went to perform extispicy on a kid regarding the temple,

but the omen had nothing to say about the building of the temple.

 

For a second time he went to perform extispicy on a kid regarding the temple,

but the omen again had nothing to say about the building of the temple.

In order to change what had been inflicted (?) upon him, he tried to alter Enlil‘s pronouncement

Because his subjects were dispersed, he now began a mobilization of his troops.

 

Sports - Sumerian wrestling, 3000 + B.C.  (gods wrestling; earthlings wrestling, 3,000 B.C.)

Like a wrestler who is about to enter the great courtyard, he …… his hands towards (?) the E-kur.

Like an athlete bent to start a contest, he treated the giguna as if it were worth only thirty shekels.

Like a robber plundering the city, he set tall ladders against the temple.

To demolish E-kur as if it were a huge ship, to break up its soil

like the soil of mountains where precious metals are mined,

to splinter it like the lapis lazuli mountain, to prostrate it, like a city inundated by Ickur (Ishkur / Adad).

 

Though the (mud brick-built) temple was not a mountain where cedars are felled,

he had large axes cast, he had double-edged agasilig axes sharpened to be used against it.

He set spades against its roots and it sank as low as the foundation of the Land.

He put axes against its top, and the temple, like a dead soldier, bowed its neck before him,

         and all the foreign lands bowed their necks before him.

He ripped out its drain pipes, and all the rain went back to the heavens .

He tore off its upper lintel and the Land was deprived of its ornament

(1 ms. has instead: the ornament of the Land disappeared).

 

From its “Gate from which grain is never diverted”, he diverted grain, and the Land was deprived of grain.

He struck the “Gate of Well-Being” with the pickaxe, and well-being was subverted in all the foreign lands.

As if they were for great tracts of land with wide carp-filled waters,

2e - Enlil's home in Nippur

           (E-kur, Enlil‘s temple / residence, image re-creation of Enlil‘s Earth Colony Command Center)

he cast large spades (1 ms. has instead: axes) to be used against the E-kur.

 

The people could see the bedchamber, its room which knows no daylight.

The Akkadians could look into the holy treasure chest of the gods.

Though they had committed no sacrilege,

its Lahamu deities of the great pilasters standing at the temple were thrown into the fire by Naram- Suen.

The cedar, cypress, juniper and boxwood, the woods of its giguna, were …… by him.

He put its gold in containers and put its silver in leather bags.

He filled the docks with its copper, as if it were a huge transport of grain.

The silversmiths were re-shaping its silver, jewelers were re-shaping its precious stones, smiths were beating its copper.

 

5b - Enki's temple dock

Large ships were moored at the temple, large ships were moored at Enlil‘s temple

and its possessions were taken away from the city, though they were not the goods of a plundered city.

With the possessions being taken away from the city, good sense left Agade.

As the ships moved away from (some mss. have instead: juddered) the docks,

Agade‘s intelligence (1 ms. has instead: sanctuary) (alien technology) was removed.

 

  (Enlil, determined to maintain total control on Earth Colony)

Enlil, the roaring (?) storm that subjugates the entire land, the rising deluge that cannot be confronted,

was considering what should be destroyed in return for the wrecking of his beloved E-kur.

He lifted his gaze towards the Gubin mountains, and made all the inhabitants of the broad mountain ranges descend (?).

Enlil brought out of the mountains those who do not resemble other people (ape-like),

who are not reckoned as part of the Land, the Gutians (under Martu), an unbridled people,

with human intelligence but canine instincts (some mss. have instead: feelings) and monkeys’ features.

Like small birds they swooped on the ground in great flocks.

Because of Enlil, they stretched their arms out across the plain like a net for animals.

Nothing escaped their clutches, no one left their grasp.

 

Messengers no longer traveled the highways, the courier’s boat no longer passed along the rivers.

The Gutians drove the trusty (?) goats of Enlil out of their folds and compelled their herdsmen to follow them,

they drove the cows out of their pens and compelled their cowherds to follow them.

Prisoners manned the watch. Brigands occupied (1 ms. has instead: attacked) the highways.

The doors of the city gates of the Land lay dislodged in (1 ms. has instead: were covered with) mud,

and all the foreign lands uttered bitter cries from the walls of their cities.

 

They established gardens for themselves (1 ms. has instead: made gardens grow) within the cities,

and not as usual on the wide plain outside.

As if it had been before the time when cities were built and founded,

the large (some mss. add: fields and) arable tracts yielded no grain,

the inundated (some mss. add: fields and) tracts yielded no fish, the irrigated orchards yielded no syrup or wine,

the thick clouds (?) did not rain, the macgurum plant did not grow.

 

In those days, oil for one shekel was only half a liter,

grain for one shekel was only half a liter, wool for one shekel was only one mina,

fish for one shekel filled only one ban measure — these sold at such prices in the markets of the cities!

 

Those who lay down on the roof, died on the roof; those who lay down in the house were not buried.

People were flailing at themselves from hunger.

2c - Nippur (all mud brick-built by the giants)

By the Ki-ur, Enlil‘s great place, dogs were packed together in the silent streets;

if two men walked there they would be devoured by them,

and if three men walked there they would be devoured by them.

Noses were punched (?), heads were smashed (?), noses (?) were piled up, heads were sown like seeds.

Honest people were confounded with traitors, heroes lay dead on top of heroes,

the blood of traitors ran upon the blood of honest men.

 

At that time, Enlil rebuilt his great sanctuaries into small reed (?)

sanctuaries and from east to west he reduced their storehouses.

The old women who survived those days, the old men who survived those days

and the chief lamentation singer who survived those years set up seven balaj drums,

as if they stood at the horizon, and together with ub ,meze, and lilis

(some mss. have instead: cem, and lilis) (1 ms. has instead: and bronze cem)

1ae - Enlil, Babylonian (Enlil & his son Adad)  1b - Ishkur, Adad, Teshub 

drums made them resound to Enlil like Ickur (Ishkur / Adad) for seven days and seven nights.

 

The old women did not restrain the cry “Alas for my city!”.

The old men did not restrain the cry “Alas for its people!”.

The lamentation singer did not restrain the cry “Alas for the E-kur!”.

Its young women did not restrain from tearing their hair.

Its young men did not restrain from sharpening their knives.

Their laments were as if Enlil‘s ancestors were performing a lament

in the awe-inspiring Holy Mound by the holy knees of Enlil.

Because of this, Enlil entered his holy bedchamber and lay down fasting.



http://earthstation1.simplenet.com

                     (Enlil        Inanna  Utu                  Enki             Isumud)

At that time, Suen (Sin / Nannar), Enki, Inanna, Ninurta, Ickur, Utu, Nuska, and Nisaba, the great gods

(1 ms. has instead: all the gods whosoever), cooled (1 ms. has instead: sprinkled)

Enlil‘s heart with cool water and prayed to him:

Enlil, may the city that destroyed your city, be treated as your city has been treated!

May the one that defiled your giguna, be treated as Nibru (Nippur)!

In this city, may heads fill the wells!

May no one find his acquaintances there, may brother not recognize brother!

May its young woman be cruelly killed in her woman’s domain, may its old man cry in distress for his slain wife!

May its pigeons moan on their window ledges, may its small birds be smitten in their nooks,

may it live in constant anxiety like a timid pigeon!”

 

Again, Suen, Enki, Inanna, Ninurta, Ickur, Utu, Nuska and Nisaba, all the gods whosoever,

turned their attention to the city, and cursed Agade severely:

“City, you pounced on E-kur: it is as if you had pounced on Enlil!

Agade, you pounced on E-kur: it is as if you had pounced on Enlil!

May your holy walls, to their highest point, resound with mourning!

May your giguna be reduced to a pile of dust!

May your pilasters with the standing Lahamu (Mars) deities (Igigi)

fall to the ground like tall young men drunk on wine!

May your clay be returned to its abzu, may it be clay cursed by Enki!

May your grain be returned to its furrow, may it be grain cursed by Ezinu (Ninlil)!

May your timber be returned to its forest, may it be timber cursed by Ninilduma (gods master carpenter)!

5e - Enlil, Ninurta, & Apkulla, Babylonian (Ninurta, unidentified, & Apkulla, eagle-headed with wingspilots)

May the (1 ms. has instead: your) cattle slaughterer slaughter his wife,

may your (some mss. have instead: the) sheep butcher butcher his child!

May water wash away your pauper as he is looking for ……!

May your prostitute hang herself at the entrance to her brothel!

May your pregnant (?) hierodules and cult prostitutes abort (?) their children!

May your gold be bought for the price of silver, may your silver be bought for the price of pyrite (?),

and may your copper be bought for the price of lead!”

 

Agade, may your strong man be deprived of his strength,

so that he will be unable to lift his sack of provisions and ……,

and will not have the joy of controlling your superior asses; may he lie idle all day!

May this make the city die of hunger!

May your citizens, who used to eat fine food, lie hungry in the grass and herbs,

may your …… man eat the coating on his roof, may he chew (?) the leather hinges on the main door of his father’s house!

May depression descend upon your palace, built for joy (1 ms. has instead: joyous palace)!

May the evils of the desert, the silent place, howl continuously!”

“May foxes that frequent ruin mounds brush with their tails your fattening-pens (?), established for purification ceremonies!

May the ukuku, the bird of depression, make its nest in your gateways, established for the Land!

 

In your city that could not sleep because of the tigi drums, that could not rest from its joy,

2e - El & 2 lions housing-housing-tents-of-early-modern-man (Nannar protects his Cattle Pens in Ur)

may the bulls of Nanna (Nannar / Sin) that fill the pens bellow like those who wander in the desert, the silent place!

May the grass grow long on your canal-bank tow-paths,

may the grass of mourning grow on your highways laid for wagons!

Moreover, may …… wild rams (?) and alert snakes of the mountains

allow no one to pass on your tow-paths built up with canal sediment!

In your plains where fine grass grows, may the reed of lamentation grow!

 

Agade, may brackish water flow (1 ms. has instead:

May brackish water flow in the river), where fresh water flowed for you!

If someone decides, “I will dwell in this city!”, may he not enjoy the pleasures of a dwelling place!

If someone decides, “I will rest in Agade!”, may he not enjoy the pleasures of a resting place!”



2a - Utu, Shamash, twin to Inanna (Utu, son to Nannar, Commander of the Space Ports)

And before Utu (Shamash) on that very day, so it was!

On its canal bank tow-paths, the grass grew long.

On its highways laid for wagons, the grass of mourning grew.

Moreover, on its tow-paths built up with canal sediment,

…… wild rams (?) and alert snakes of the mountains allowed no one to pass.

On its plains, where fine grass grew, now the reeds of lamentation grew.

Agade‘s flowing fresh water flowed as brackish water.

 

When someone decided, “I will dwell in that city!”, he could not enjoy the pleasures of a dwelling place.

When someone decided, “I will rest in Agade!”, he could not enjoy the pleasures of a resting place

3k - Bull of Heaven, Inanna, & unknown (Inanna with advanced alien technologies)

Inana be praised for the destruction of Agade!

 

Fragments of an earlier version from Nippur, dating to the Third Dynasty of Ur

Segment A

unknown number of lines missing

Enki took away its wisdom.

An took up into the midst of heaven its fearsomeness that reaches heaven.

2 - Enki, the wisest god  (Enki, thousands of Mesopotamian artifacts are now shamefully destroyed by Radical Islam)

Enki tore out its well-anchored holy mooring pole from the Abzu.

unknown number of lines missing

 

Segment B

6ba - Victory stele of Naram Sin  (victory stele of Narram-Suen)

Naram- Suen saw in a nocturnal vision that he would make its future altogether unfavorable,

that he would make its temples shake and would scatter its treasures!

unknown number of lines missing

 

Segment C

as if he were to change what had been inflicted (?) upon him.

His subjects were dispersed, so he began a mobilization of his troops.

Like a wrestler who is about to enter the great courtyard, he …… his hands towards (?) the E-kur.

Like an athlete bent to start a contest, he treated the giguna as if it were worth only thirty shekels.

Like a robber plundering the city, he set tall ladders against the temple.

Though the temple was not a mountain of cedars, he had large axes cast to be used against it. (1 ms. adds the line:

He had double-edged agasilig axes sharpened to be used against it.)

As if they were for great tracts of land with huge (1 ms. has instead: wide) carp-filled waters,

he cast large spades (1 ms. has instead: …… to be used against the E-kur).

He put spades against its roots.

unknown number of lines missing

 

Segment D

and the Land was deprived of grain.

He struck the “Gate of Well-Being” with pickaxe and well-being was destroyed in all the foreign lands

unknown number of lines missing


Segment E

4 lines unclear

unknown number of lines missing

 

Segment F

Noses were punched, heads were smashed (?), noses (?) were piled up, heads were sown like seeds.

Heroes lay (?) dead on top of heroes, the blood of traitors ran (?) upon honest men.

Housing - reed huts of early modern man (ancient reed housing)

Enlil rebuilt his great sanctuaries into small reed (?) sanctuaries and from the south to the uplands …….

Complete Mesopotamian Kings List

 

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in bluemixed-breed demigods in teal…)

 

# King Reign (years) Dynasty and Titles  

=========================================================================

1 Alulim 28,000 Eridu
2 Alalgar 36,000 Eridu
1 Enmenluanna 43,200 Bad-Tibira
2 Enmengalana 28,800 Bad-Tibira
3 Dumuzi the Shepherd 36,000 Bad-Tibira
1 Ensipadzidana 28,800 Larag
1 Enmendurana 21,000 Zimbir (Sippar)
1 Ubara-Tutu 18,600 Shurrupuk
2 Ziusudra* (Noah) 36,000 Shurrupuk
TOTAL: 241,200 [Ubaid Period: 5900-2900? B.C.; 3000 yrs?]

————————————————————————-

Flood Sweeps Over

————————————————————————-

1 Jugur 1,200 Kish [First Akkadian King]
2 Kullassina-Bel 960 (900) Kish
3 Nangishlishma 670 Kish
4 Entarahanna 420 Kish
5 Babum 300 Kish
6 Puannum 840 (240) Kish
7 Kalibum 960 (900) Kish
8 Kalumum 840 (900) Kish
9 Zuqaqip 900 (600) Kish
8 Aba (Atab) 600 Kish
9 Mashda 840 Kish
10 Atab 600 Kish
11 Mashda* 840 (720) Kish
12 Arwium* 720 Kish
13 Etana the Shepherd 1,500 (635) Kish [2800 B.C.]
(Biblical Enoch) “Conquered the foreign lands and ascended to heaven
14 Balih* 400 (410) Kish
15 Enmenunna 660 (621) Kish
16 Melem-Kish* 900 (1560) Kish
17 Barsal-Nuna 1,200 Kish “Brother of Melem-Kish”
18 Zamug* 140 Kish
19 Tizqar* 305 (1620+) Kish
20 Ilku 900 Kish
21 Iltasadum 1,200 Kish
22 Enmebaragesi 900 Kish “Made Elam submit”
23 Agga* 625 Kish
Enmenbaragesi’s dynasty ends after 1525 years”
TOTAL 24,510 [2900? – 2650? B.C. ; 250 yrs?]

————————————————————————-

1 Meshkiagasher, Son of Utu 324 (325) E-anna “Entered the sea and disappeared”
2 Enmerkar* 420 (900) Uruk [Made Aratta submit]
Meshkiagasher’s dynasty ends after 745 years”
3 Lugal-Banda the Shepherd 1200 Uruk
4 Dumuzi the Fisherman 100 (110) Uruk “His city was Kuara”
“Captured Enmebaragesi single-handedly”
5 Gilgamesh, Lord of Kulaba 126 Uruk “Father was a nomad[?]”
6 Ur-Nungal* 30 Uruk
7 Udul-Kalama* 15 Uruk “Son of Ur-Nungal
8 Laba-Shum 9 Uruk
9 Ennuntarahanna 8 Uruk
10 Meshe 36 Uruk
11 Melemanna 6 Uruk
11 Tilkug 900+ Uruk
12 Lugal-Kitun 36 (420) Uruk
TOTAL 2310 (3588) [2670-2540? B.C. ; 130 yrs?]

————————————————————————-

1 Meshanepadda 80 Ur [Defeats Agga]
2 Aannipadda* ? Ur [Temple built near Ur]
2 Meshkiagn[a/u]nna 36 (30) Ur [Son of Meshanepadda]
3 Elulu 25 Ur
4 Balulu 36 Ur
TOTAL 171 [2670-2550? B.C. ; 120 yrs?]

————————————————————————-

1 ??? ? Awan
2 ??? ? Awan
3 ??? 36 Awan
TOTAL 356 [2460-2420 B.C. ; 40 yrs]

————————————————————————-

1 Susuda the Fuller 201+ Kish II
2 Dadasig 81 Kish II
3 Mamagal the Boatman 360 (420) Kish II
4 Kalbum* 195 (132) Kish II
5 Tuge 360 Kish II
6 Mennuna* 180 Kish II
7 (8) Mesilim[?] 290 Kish II [Sets Umma/Lagash border ~2450 B.C.]
8 (7) Lugal-Gu 360 (420) Kish II
TOTAL 3,195 (3,792) [2500-2430 B.C. ; 70 yrs]

————————————————————————-

1 Hadanish 360 Hamazi [2450-2430 B.C.; 20 yrs]

————————————————————————-

1 Enshakanshanna 60 Uruk II
2 Lugal-Ure (Kinishedudu) 120 Uruk II
3 Argandea 7 Uruk II
TOTAL: 187 [2432-2340 B.C. ; 92 yrs]

————————————————————————-

1 Nani 120+ (54+) Ur II (Ur II proceeds Uruk II)
2 Meshkiagnanna 48 Ur II
3 ??? 2 Ur II (Omitted)
TOTAL: 582 (578) [2430-2340 B.C.; 90 yrs]

————————————————————————-

1 Lugal-Anemundu 90 (90) Adab [2525-2500 B.C.]

————————————————————————-

1 Anbu 30 (90) Mari
2 Anba* 17 (7) Mari
3 Bazi the Leatherworker 30 Mari
4 Zizi the Fuller 20 Mari
5 Limer the Gudu-Priest 30 Mari
6 Sharrumiter 9 (7) Mari
TOTAL: 136 (184) [2500-2334 B.C. ; 166 yrs]

————————————————————————-

1 Kubau the Tavern Keeper 100 Kish III [Female; 2400 B.C.]

————————————————————————-

1 Unzi 30 Akshak
2 Undalulu 6 (12) Akshak
3 Urur 6 Akshak
4 PuzurNirah 20 Akshak
5 Ishu-Il 24 (24) (24) Akshak
6 Shu-Suen* 7 (7) (7) (24) Akshak [2450-2360 B.C. ; 90 yrs]
TOTAL: 99 (116) “5 kings ruled 87 years.”

————————————————————————-

1 (2) Puzur-Suen, Son of Kubau 25 Kish IV (Kish III)
2 (3) Ur-Zababa 400 (6) (4+) Kish IV (Kish III)
“Kubau’s dynasty ends after 745 years.”
3 (4) Zimudar (Ziguiake) 30+ Kish IV (Kish III)
4 (5) Ubni-Watar* 7 (6) Kish IV (Kish III)
5 (6) Ectar-Muti 11 (17) Kish IV (Kish III)
6 (7) Ishma-Shamash 11 Kish IV (Kish III)
? Shu-Ilishu 15 Kish III
? Zimudar 7 Kish III
7 (8) Nanniya the Jeweler 7 (3) Kish IV (Kish III) (Omitted)
TOTAL: 491 (485) “8 kings ruled 586 years.”
[2360 – 2340 B.C.; 20 yrs]

————————————————————————-

1 En-Hegal 20? Lagash
2 Lugal-Sha-Engur 55? Lagash
3 Ur-Nanshe 30 Lagash
4 Akurgal 10 Lagash
5 EAnaTum 30 Lagash [2455 B.C.]
6 EnAnaTum I 20 Lagash [Brother of Eanatum]
7 EnTemena* 30 Lagash
8 En-Ana-Tum II 10 Lagash [2375 B.C.]
9 En-Entar-Zi 5 Lagash
10 Lugal-Anda 5 Lagash
11 Uru-Ka-Gina 10 Lagash
TOTAL: 225 [2570-2345 B.C.]

————————————————————————-

1 LugalZagesi 25(34) Uruk III (Omitted)
[2345-2316; 29yrs]

————————————————————————-

1 Sharru-Kin, Gardener’s Son 56 (55) (54) Agade “Cupbearer of Ur-Zababa
2 Rimush* 9,7 (15) Agade
3 Manishtishu 15 (7) Agade “Older brother of Rimush
4 NaramSuen* 56 (56) Agade
5 SharKaliSharri* 25 (25) (24) Agade
“Sharru-Kin’s dynasty ends after 157 years.”

————————————————————————-

Dynasty of Sharru-Kin [Sargon] Ends

Who was king? Who was not king?”

————————————————————————-

6 Irgigi 0-1 Agade
7 (8) Imi 0-1 Agade
8 (7) Nanum 0-1 Agade
9 Ilulu 0-1 Agade (Total: 3 Years)
10 Dudu 21 Agade (Omitted)
11 Shu-Durul* 15 (18) Agade (Omitted)
TOTAL: 181 “12 kings ruled 197 years.”“9 kings ruled 161 years.”
[2371-2230 B.C.; 141 yrs]

————————————————————————-

1 Ur-Nigin 7 (3) (15) (30) Uruk IV (Uruk III)
2 Ur-Gigir* 6 (7) (15) (7) Uruk IV (Uruk III)
3 Kuda 6 Uruk IV (Uruk III) (Omitted)
4 Puzur-Eli 5 (20) Uruk IV (Uruk III) (Omitted)
5 (3) Ur-Utu, son of Ur-Gigir 6 (25) Uruk IV (Uruk III)
5 Lugalmelem, son of Ur-Gigir 7 Uruk IV
TOTAL: 30 (43) (26) “3 kings ruled 47 years.”

————————————————————————-

Nobody 3 (5) Guti [Northern Elamites]
1 Inkishush 6 (7) Guti
2 Zarlagab 6 Guti
3 Shulmi (Yarlagash) 6 Guti
4 Silulumesh (Silulu) 6 (7) Guti
5 Inimabakesh 5 Guti
5 Duga 6 Guti
6 Ilu-An 3 Guti
6 Igeshaush 6 Guti
7 Yarlagab 15 (5) Guti
8 Yarla (Yarlangab) 3 Guti
9 Kulum 1 (3) Guti
10 Apil-Kin 3 Guti
11 Laerabum (?) 2 Guti
12 Irarum 2 Guti
13 Ibranum 1 Guti
14 Hablum 2 Guti
15 Puzur-Suen* 7 Guti
16 Yarlaganda 7 Guti

Text Broken…

20 ??? 7 Guti
21 Tiriga (?) 40 days Guti
TOTAL: 124 (25) [2193-2123 B.C.; 70 yrs]

————————————————————————-

4 Gudea 20 Lagash [2141-2122 B.C.]

————————————————————————-

1 Utu-Hegal 427 (7) (7) (26) Uruk

————————————————————————-

1 Ur-Nammu 18 Ur III
2 Shulgi* 46 (48) (48) (58) Ur III
3 Amar-Suena* 9 (25) Ur III
4 Shu-Suen* 9 (7) (16) (20+) Ur III
5 Ibbi-Suen* 24 (15) (25) (25) Ur III [2112-2004 B.C. ; 108 yrs]
TOTAL: 108 (117) (117) (120+) (123)

————————————————————————-

1 Ishbi-Irra 33 (32) Isin
2 Shu-Ilishu* 20 (10) (15) Isin
3 Iddin-Dagon* 21 (25) Isin
4 Ishme-Dagon* 20 (18) Isin
5 Lipit-Ishtar* 11 (11) (11) Isin “Son of Iddin-Dagon”
6 Ur-Ninurta, Son of Ishkur 28 Isin “Abundant reign & sweet life”
7 BurSuen* 21 Isin
8 Lipit-Enlil* 5 Isin
9 Erra-Imitti 8 (7) (7) Isin
? ??? 1/2 Isin
10 EnlilBani 24 Isin
11 Zambiya 3 Isin
12 Iterpica 4 Isin
13 Urdulkuga 4 Isin
14 Suen-Magir 11 Isin
? Damaqilishu* 23 Isin
TOTAL: 203 (225) [2004-1763 B.C. ; 241 yrs]

————————————————————————-

1 Naplanum 20 Larsa [Vassal to Isin]
2 Emisum 28 Larsa [Vassal to Isin]
3 Samium 35 Larsa [Vassal to Isin]
4 Zabaja 9 Larsa [Vassal to Isin]
5 Gungunum 27 Larsa [Zabaja‘s brother; King of Ur]
6 Abi-Sare 11 Larsa [Killed Ur-Ninurta of Isin]
7 Sumuel 29 Larsa [Took Nippur from Isin]
8 Nur-Adad 16 Larsa
9 Suen-Iddinam* 7 Larsa
10 Suen-Eribam 2 Larsa
11 Suen-Iqisham 5 Larsa
12 Silli-Adad 1 Larsa [Killed by Kutur-Mabuk]
13 Warad-Suen 12 Larsa [Son of Kutur-Mabuk]
14 Rim-Suen 59 Larsa [Defeated Babylon in battle]
[Conquered Isin; Defeated by Hammurabi]
TOTAL: 261 [2026-1763 B.C.]
===============================================================================


KEYS
* Son of the previous king
Colored: Variant copies of the king list
Italic: Not recorded on any king lists (taken from a different source)
Bold: City listed as built by that king

The Sumerian Kings List: translation

The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in bluemixed-breed demigods in teal...)

Sumerian on clay, Babylonia, 2000-1800 BC, 1 tablet, 8,1×6,5×2,7 cm, single column, 26 lines in cuneiform script.

(In the following translation, mss. are referred to by the sigla used by Vincente 1995; from those listed there, mss. Fi, Go, P6, and WB 62 were not used; if not specified by a note, numerical data come from ms. WB.)

          Kingship - Sumerian Kings List 

               (Sumerian Kings List, original ancient list of Earth’s 1st kings, all mixed-breeds kings appointed by the gods)

        1y-nippur-enlils-city-in-the-1st-region  (land of the gods, the “Eden”, the land between the Rivers Euphrates & Tigris)

4d - Eridu remains (Eridu ruins, Enki‘s patron city)

1-39 After the kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in Eridug (Eridu).

In Eridug, Alulim (giant semi-divine descendant of the Anunnaki alien gods) became king; he ruled for 28,800 years.

Alaljar (bigger, stronger, faster, smarter, & lived much longer than non-mixed earthlings) ruled for 36,000 years.

2 kings; they ruled for 64,800 years.

Then Eridug fell and the kingship was taken to Bad-tibira.

1a - Bad-tibira, Iraq (aerial view of looted Bad-tibira ruins, Dumuzi‘s patron city)

In Bad-tibira, En-men-lu-ana ruled for 43,200 years.

En-men-gal-ana ruled for 28,800 years.

Dumuzid the shepherd (Inanna‘s spouse), ruled for 36,000 years.

3 kings; they ruled for 108,000 years

Then Bad-tibira fell (?) and the kingship was taken to Larag.

In Larag (Larak), En-sipad-zid-ana ruled for 28,800 years.

1 king; he ruled for 28,800 years.

Then Larag fell (?) and the kingship was taken to Zimbir (Sippar).

2 - Utu's Temple destroyed by Noah's Flood (Sippar ruins, Utu‘s patron city)

In Zimbir, En-men-dur-ana became king; he ruled for 21,000 years.

1 king; he ruled for 21,000 years.

Then Zimbir fell (?) and the kingship was taken to Curuppag (Shuruppak).

In Curuppag (Ninlil‘s patron city), Ubara-Tutu (Noah‘s father) became king; he ruled for 18,600 years.

1 king; he ruled for 18,600 years.

In 5 cities 8 kings; they ruled for 241,200 years.

Then the flood swept over.

2d - Kish 1926 (Kish ruins, Ninhursag‘s patron city)

40-94 After the flood had swept over, and the kingship had descended from heaven, the kingship was in Kic.

In Kic, Jucur became king; he ruled for 1,200 years.

Kullassina-bel ruled for 960 (ms. P2+L2 has instead: 900) years.

Nanjiclicma ruled for (ms. P2+L2 has:) 670 (?) years.

En-tarah-ana ruled for (ms. P2+L2 has:) 420 years ……, 3 months, and 3 1/2 days.

Babum …… ruled for (ms. P2+L2 has:) 300 years.

Puannum ruled for 840 (ms. P2+L2 has instead: 240) years.

Kalibum ruled for 960 (ms. P2+L2 has instead: 900) years.

Kalumum ruled for 840 (mss. P3+BT14, Su1 has instead: 900) years.

Zuqaqip ruled for 900 (ms. Su1 has instead: 600) years.

(In mss. P2+L2, P3+BT14, P5, the 10th and 11th rulers of the dynasty precede the 8th and 9th.)

Atab (mss. P2+L2, P3+BT14, P5 have instead: Aba) ruled for 600 years.

Macda, the son of Atab, ruled for 840 (ms. Su1 has instead: 720) years.

Arwium, the son of Macda, ruled for 720 years.

3b-etana-king-of-kish-flies-to-nibiru 

    (Kish King Etana is lifted by eagle pilot off the Earth, headed for Heaven / planet Nibiru, to see god the father, Anu)

Etana, the shepherd, who ascended to heaven (planet Nibiru) and consolidated all the foreign countries, became king;

he ruled for 1,500 (ms. P2+L2 has instead: 635) years.

Balih, the son of Etana, ruled for 400 (mss. P2+L2, Su1 have instead: 410) years.

En-me-nuna ruled for 660 (ms. P2+L2 has instead: 621) years.

Melem-Kic, the son of En-me-nuna, ruled for 900 years.

(ms. P3+BT14 adds:) 1,560 are the years of the dynasty of En-me-nuna.

Barsal-nuna, the son of En-me-nuna, (mss. P5, P3+BT14 have instead: Barsal-nuna) ruled for 1,200 years.

Zamug, the son of Barsal-nuna, ruled for 140 years.

Tizqar, the son of Zamug, ruled for 305 years. (ms. P3+BT14 adds:) 1620 + X …

Ilku ruled for 900 years.

Iltasadum ruled for 1,200 years.

En-men-barage-si, who made the land of Elam submit, became king; he ruled for 900 years.

Aga, the son of En-men-barage-si, ruled for 625 years. (ms. P3+BT14 adds:)

1,525 are the years of the dynasty of En-men-barage-si.

23 kings; they ruled for 24,510 years, 3 months, and 3 1/2 days.

Then Kic was defeated and the kingship was taken to E-ana (Anu‘s temple residence in Uruk).

3d - Anu's Home on Earth (E-ana in Uruk, ziggurat residence of Anu, Inanna, etc.)

95-133 In E-ana, Mec-ki-aj-gacer, the (giant mixed-breed) son of Utu, became lord and king;

he ruled for 324 (ms. P2+L2 has instead: 325) years.

Mec-ki-aj-gacer (Meshkiagasher) entered the sea and disappeared.

Enmerkar, the son of Mec-ki-aj-gacer, the king of Unug (Uruk), who built Unug

(mss. L1+N1, P2+L2 have instead: under whom Unug was built), became king; he ruled for 420 (ms. TL has instead: 900 + X) years.

(ms. P3+BT14 adds:) 745 are the years of the dynasty of Mec-ki-aj-gacer. (ms TL adds instead: ……; he ruled for 5 + X years.)

Lugalbanda (Ninsun‘s semi-divine mixed-breed spouse), the shepherd, ruled for 1,200 years.

Dumuzid, the fisherman(not Enki’s son) whose city was Kuara, ruled for 100 (ms. TL has instead: 110) years. (ms. P3+BT14 adds:)

He captured En-me-barage-si single-handed.

Gilgamec (Ninsun‘s son), whose father (Lugalbanda) was a phantom (?), the lord of Kulaba, ruled for 126 years.

Ur-Nungal, the son of Gilgamec (Gilgamesh), ruled for 30 years.

Udul-kalama, the son of Ur-Nungal (ms. Su1 has instead: Ur-lugal), ruled for 15 years.

La-ba’cum ruled for 9 years.

En-nun-tarah-ana ruled for 8 years.

Mec-he, the smith, ruled for 36 years.

Melem-ana (ms. Su2 has instead: Til-kug (?) ……) ruled for 6 (ms. Su2 has instead: 900) years.

Lugal-kitun (?) ruled for 3 (ms. Su2 has instead: 420) years.

12 kings; they ruled for 2,310 (ms. Su2 has instead: 3,588) years.

Then Unug (Uruk) was defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim (Ur).

3ca - Nannar's house & city of Ur (Nannar‘s ziggurat residence in patron city of Ur)

134-147 In Urim (Nannar‘s patron city), Mec-Ane-pada became king; he ruled for 80 years.

Mec-ki-aj-Nanna (ms. P2+L2 has instead: Mec-ki-aj-nuna), the son of Mec-Ane-pada, became king;

he ruled for 36 (ms. P2+L2 has instead: 30) years.

Elulu ruled for (mss. L1+N1, P2+L2, P3+BT14 have:) 25 years.

Balulu ruled for (mss. L1+N1, P2+L2, P3+BT14 have:) 36 years. (mss. L1+N1, P2+L2 have:)

4 kings; they ruled for (mss. L1+N1, P2+L2, P3+BT14 have:) 171 years.

Then Urim was defeated and the kingship was taken to Awan.

148-159 In Awan, …… became king; he ruled for …… years.

…… ruled for …… years.

…… ruled for 36 years.

3 kings; they ruled for 356 years.

Then Awan was defeated and the kingship was taken to Kic (Kish, Ninhursag‘s patron city).

160-178 In Kic, Susuda, the fuller, became king; he ruled for 201 + X years.

Dadasig ruled for (ms. vD has:) 81 years.

Mamagal, the boatman, ruled for 360 (ms. L1+N1 has instead: 420) years.

Kalbum, the son of Mamagal (ms. WB has instead: Magalgal), ruled for 195 (ms. L1+N1 has instead: 132) years.

Tuge (?) ruled for 360 years.

Men-nuna, (ms. L1+N1 adds:) the son of Tuge (?), ruled for 180 years.

(in mss. L1+N1, TL, the 7th and 8th rulers of the dynasty are in reverse order) …… ruled for 290 years.

Lugalju ruled for 360 (ms. L1+N1 has instead: 420) years.

8 kings; they ruled for 3195 (ms. L1+N1 has instead: 3792) years.

Then Kic was defeated and the kingship was taken to Hamazi.

179-185 In Hamazi, Hadanic became king; he ruled for 360 years.

1 king; he ruled for 360 years.

Then Hamazi was defeated and the kingship was taken (ms. P3+BT14 has instead: was returned a second time) to Unug (Uruk).

(In mss. IB, L1+N1, TL, the 2nd dynasty of Unug of ll. 185-191 is preceded by the 2nd dynasty of Urim of ll. 192-203.)

186-192 In Unug, En-cakanca-ana became king; he ruled for 60 years.

Lugal-ure (ms. P3+BT14 has instead: Lugal-kinice-dudu (?)) ruled for 120 years.

Argandea ruled for 7 years.

(ms. L1+N1 has:) 3 kings; they ruled for (ms. L1+N1 has:) 187 years.

Then Unug (Uruk) was defeated (ms. TL has instead:destroyed) and the kingship was taken to Urim (Ur).

193-204 In Urim, Nani became king; he ruled for (ms. vD has:) 120 + X (ms. IB has instead: 54 + X) years.

Mec-ki-aj-Nanna, the son of Nani, ruled for (ms. vD has:) 48 years.

……, the son (?) of ……, ruled for (ms. IB has:) 2 years.

(ms. IB has:) 3 kings; they ruled for (ms. IB has:) 582 (ms. TL has instead: 578) years.

(ms. vD has instead: 2 kings; they ruled for 120 + years.)

Then Urim was defeated (ms. TL has instead:destroyed) and the kingship was taken to Adab.

205-210 In Adab, Lugal-Ane-mundu became king; he ruled for (mss. L1+N1, TL have:) 90 years.

(mss. L1+N1, TL have:) 1 king; he ruled for (mss. L1+N1, TL have:) 90 years.

Then Adab was defeated (ms. TL has instead: destroyed) and the kingship was taken to Mari.

211-223 In Mari, Anbu (?) became king; he ruled for 30 (ms. TL has instead: 90) years.

Anba (?), the son of Anbu (?), ruled for 17 (ms. TL has instead: 7) years.

Bazi, the leatherworker, ruled for 30 years.

Zizi, the fuller, ruled for 20 years.

Limer, the gudu priest, ruled for 30 years.

Carrum-iter ruled for 9 (ms. TL has instead: 7) years.

6 kings; they ruled for 136 (ms. TL has instead: 184) years.

Then Mari was defeated (ms. TL has instead: destroyed) and the kingship was taken to Kic (Kish).

224-231 In Kic, Kug-Bau, the woman tavern-keeper, who made firm the foundations of Kic,

became king; she ruled for 100 years. (1st female as King)

1 king; she ruled for 100 years.

Then Kic was defeated (ms. TL has instead:destroyed) and the kingship was taken to Akcak (Akkad / Agade, Adad‘s domain).

232-243 In Akcak, Unzi became king; he ruled for 30 years.

Undalulu ruled for 6 (mss. L1+N1, S have instead: 12) years.

Urur ruled for (ms. IB has instead: was king (?) for) 6 years.

Puzur-Nirah ruled for (mss. IB, L1+N1, S, Su1 have:) 20 years.

Icu-Il ruled for (mss. IB, L1+N1, S, Su1 have:) 24 years.

Cu-Suen, the son of Icu-Il, ruled for (mss. IB, L1+N1, S, TL have:) 7 (ms. Su1 has instead: 24) years.(mss. S, Su1, TL have:)

6 kings; they ruled for (mss. L1+N1, S, TL have:) 99 (ms. Su1 has instead: 116) years

(ms. IB has instead: 5 kings; they ruled for (ms. IB has:) 87 years).

Then Akcak was defeated (ms. S has instead: Then the reign of Akcak was abolished)

and the kingship was taken to Kic (Kish).

(mss. IB, S, Su1, Su3+Su4 list the 3rd and 4th dynasty of Kic of ll. 224-231 and ll. 244-258, respectively, as one dynasty)

244-258 In Kic, Puzur-Suen, the son of Kug-Bau, became king; he ruled for 25 years.

Ur-Zababa, the son of Puzur-Suen, ruled for 400 (mss. P3+BT14, S have instead: 6) (ms. IB has instead: 4 + X) years.

(ms. P3+BT14 adds:) 131 are the years of the dynasty of Kug-Bau.

Zimudar (ms. TL has instead: Ziju-iake) ruled for 30 (ms. IB has instead: 30 + X) years.

Uß³i-watar, the son of Zimudar (ms. TL has instead: Ziju-iake), ruled for 7 (ms. S has instead: 6) years.

Ectar-mut ruled for 11 (ms. Su1 has instead: 17 (?)) years.

Icme-Camac ruled for 11 years. (ms. Su1 adds:) Cu-ilicu ruled for 15 years.

Nanniya, the jeweller, (ms. Su1 has instead: Zimudar) (ms. IB has instead: ……) ruled for 7 (ms. S has instead: 3) years.

7 kings; they ruled for 491 (ms. Su1 has instead: 485) years (ms. S has instead: 8 kings; they ruled for (ms. S has:) 586 years).

Then Kic was defeated (ms. S has instead: Then the reign of Kic (Kish) was abolished)

and the kingship was taken (ms. P3+BT14 has instead: was returned a third time) to Unug (Uruk).

(ms. IB omits the 3rd dynasty of Unug of ll. 258-263)

259-265 In Unug, Lugal-zage-si became king; he ruled for 25 (ms. P3+BT14 has instead: 34) years.

1 king; he ruled for 25 (ms. P3+BT14 has instead: 34) years.

Then Unug was defeated (ms. S has instead:

Then the reign of Unug was abolished) and the kingship was taken to Agade (Akkad).

266-296 In Agade, Sargon, whose father was a gardener, the cupbearer of Ur-Zababa, became king,

the king of Agade, who built Agade (ms. L1+N1 has instead: under whom Agade was built);

he ruled for 56 (ms. L1+N1 has instead: 55) (ms. TL has instead: 54) years.

Rimuc, the son of Sargon, ruled for 9 (ms. IB has instead: 7) (ms. L1+N1 has instead: 15) years.

Man-icticcu, the older brother of Rimuc, the son of Sargon, ruled for 15 (ms. L1+N1 has instead: 7) years.

Naram-Suen, the son of Man-icticcu, ruled for (mss. L1+N1, P3+BT14 have:) 56 years.

Car-kali-carri, the son of Naram-Suen, ruled for (ms. L1+N1, Su+Su4 have:) 25 (ms. P3+BT14 has instead: 24) years.

(ms. P3+BT14 adds:) 157 are the years of the dynasty of Sargon.

Then who was king? Who was the king? (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: who was king? Who indeed was king?)

Irgigi was king, Imi was king, Nanûm was king (in mss. L1+N1, Su3+Su4, Imi and Nanûm are in reverse order) ,

Ilulu was king, and the (mss. P3+BT14, S have:) 4 of them ruled for only (mss. P3+BT14, S have:) 3 years.

Dudu ruled for 21 years.

Cu-Durul, the son of Dudu, ruled for 15 (ms. IB has instead: 18) years.

11 kings; they ruled for 181 years (ms. S has instead: 12 kings; they ruled for (ms. S has:) 197 years)

(mss. Su1, Su3+Su4, which omit Dudu and Cu-Durul, have instead: 9 kings; they ruled for (ms. Su1 has:) 161 (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: 177) years.

Then Agade was defeated (ms. S has instead:

Then the reign of Agade (Akkad) was abolished) and the kingship was taken to Unug (Uruk).

297-307 In Unug, Ur-nijin became king; he ruled for 7 (mss. IB, S have instead: 3)

(ms. Su1 has instead:15) (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: 30) years.

Ur-gigir, the son of Ur-nijin, ruled for 6 (ms. IB has instead: 7) (ms. Su1 has instead: 15) (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: 7) years.

Kuda ruled for 6 years.

Puzur-ili ruled for 5 (ms. IB has instead: 20) years.

Ur-Utu ruled for 6 (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: Ur-Utu),

the son of Ur-gigir, ruled for 25 (ms. Su1 has instead: Lugal-melem, the son of Ur-gigir, ruled for 7) years.

5 kings; they ruled for 30 (ms. IB has instead: 43) (mss. PÝ+Ha, S have instead: 26) years

(ms. Su3+Su4, which omits Kuda and Puzur-ili, has instead: 3 kings; they ruled for (ms. Su3+Su4 has:) 47 years).

Unug was defeated (ms. S has instead:

Then the reign of Unug (Uruk) was abolished) and the kingship was taken to the army (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: land) of Gutium.

308-334 In the army (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: land) of Gutium, at first no king was famous;

they were their own kings and ruled thus for 3 years

(ms. L1+N1 has instead: they had no king; they ruled themselves for 5 years).

Then Inkicuc (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: ……) ruled for 6 (ms. L1+Ni1 has instead: 7) years.

Zarlagab ruled for 6 years.

Culme (ms. L1+N1 has instead: Yarlagac) ruled for 6 years.

Silulumec (ms. Mi has instead: Silulu) ruled for 6 (ms. G has instead: 7) years.

Inimabakec ruled for 5 (ms. Mi has instead: Duga ruled for 6) years.

Igecauc ruled for 6 (ms. Mi has instead: Ilu-an (?) ruled for 3) years.

Yarlagab ruled for 15 (ms. Mi has instead: 5) years. Ibate ruled for 3 years.

Yarla (ms. L1+N1 has instead: Yarlangab (?)) ruled for 3 years.

Kurum (ms. L1+N1 has instead: ……) ruled for 1 (ms. Mi has instead: 3) years.

Apil-kin ruled for 3 years.

La-erabum (?) ruled for 2 years.

Irarum ruled for 2 years.

Ibranum ruled for 1 year.

Hablum ruled for 2 years.

Puzur-Suen, the son of Hablum, ruled for 7 years.

Yarlaganda ruled for 7 years.

…… ruled for 7 years.

Tiriga (?) ruled for 40 days.

21 kings; they ruled for (ms. L1+N1 has:) 124 years and 40 days (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: 25 years).

Then the army of Gutium was defeated (ms. TL has instead: destroyed) and the kingship was taken to Unug (Uruk).

335-340 In Unug, Utu-hejal became king; he ruled for 427 years, …… days

(ms. IB has instead: 26 years, 2 + X months, and 15 days)

(ms. J has instead: 7 years, 6 months, and 15 days) (ms. TL has instead: 7 years, 6 months, and 5 days).

1 king; he ruled for 427 years, …… days (ms. J has instead: 7 years, 6 months, and 15 days)

(ms. TL has instead: 7 years, 6 months, and 5 days).

Then Unug (Uruk) was defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim (Ur).

341-354 In Urim, Ur-Namma (Ninsun’s son) became king; he ruled for 18 years.

Culgi, the son of Ur-Namma, ruled for 46 (mss. Su3+Su4, TL have instead: 48) (ms. P5 has instead: 58) years.

Amar-Suena, the son of Culgi, ruled for 9 (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: 25) years.

Cu-Suen, the son of Amar-Suena, ruled for 9 (ms. P5 has instead: 7) (ms. Su1 has instead: 20 + X) (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: 16) years.

Ibbi-Suen, the son of Cu-Suen, ruled for 24 (mss. P5, Su1 have instead: 25) (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: 15) (ms. TL has instead: 23 (?)) years.

4 kings; they ruled for 108 years (mss. J, P5, Su1, Su3+Su4 have instead:

5 kings; they ruled for (ms. P5 has:) 117 (ms. Su1 has instead: 120 + X) (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: 123) years).

Then Urim (Ur) was defeated (ms. P5 has instead: Then the reign of Urim was abolished). (ms. Su3+Su4 adds:)

The very foundation of Sumer was torn out (?).

The kingship was taken to Isin.

1e - Isin looted (Isin, Bau‘s patron city ruins, heavily looted)

355-377 In Isin, Icbi-Erra became king; he ruled for 33 (ms. P5 has instead: 32) years.

Cu-ilicu, the son of Icbi-Erra, ruled for 20 (ms. P5 has instead: 10) (ms. Su1 has instead: 15) years.

Iddin-Dagan, the son of Cu-ilicu, ruled for 21 (ms. Su1 has instead: 25) years.

Icme-Dagan, the son of Iddin-Dagan, ruled for (mss. P2, P5 have:) 20 (ms. Mi has instead: 18) years.

Lipit-Ectar, the son of Icme-Dagan (ms. P2 has instead: Iddin-Dagan), ruled for (mss. L1+N1, P2, P5 have:) 11 years.

Ur-Ninurta (mss. L1+N1, P2 add:) , the son of Ickur (Adad)

may he have years of abundance, a good reign, and a sweet life – ruled for (ms. P5 has:) 28 years.

Bur-Suen, the son of Ur-Ninurta, ruled for 21 years.

Lipit-Enlil, the son of Bur-Suen, ruled for 5 years.

Erra-imitti ruled for 8 (mss. P5, TL have instead: 7) years. (ms. P5 adds:) …… ruled for …… 6 months.

Enlil-bani ruled for 24 years.

Zambiya ruled for 3 years.

Iter-pica ruled for 4 years.

Ur-dul-kugaruled for 4 years.

Suen-magir ruled for 11 years.

(ms. P5 adds:) Damiq-ilicu, the son of Suen-magir, ruled for 23 years.

14 kings; they ruled for 203 years (ms. P5 has instead: 225 years and 6 months).

(Mss. P2+L2, L1+N1 and P4+Ha conclude with a summary of the post-diluvian dynasties; the translation of ll.

378-431 uses numerical data from each mss. but follows the wording of P2+L2 and L1+N1)

378-431A total of 39 kings ruled for 14409 + X years, 3 months and 3 1/2 days, 4 times in Kic (Kish).

A total of 22 kings ruled for 2610 + X years, 6 months and 15 days, 5 times in Unug (Uruk).

A total of 12 kings ruled for 396 years, 3 times in Urim (Ur).

A total of 3 kings ruled for 356 years, once in Awan.

A total of 1 king ruled for 420 years, once in Hamazi.

16 lines missing

A total of 12 (?) kings ruled for 197 (?) years, once in Agade (Akkad).

A total of 21 (ms. P4+Ha has instead: 23) kings ruled for 125 years and 40 days

(ms. P4+Ha has instead: 99 years), once in the army of Gutium.

A total of 11 (ms. P4+Ha has instead: 16) kings ruled for 159 (ms. P4+Ha has instead: 226) years, once in Isin.

There are 11 cities, cities in which the kingship was exercised.

A total of 134 (ms. P4+Ha has instead: 139) kings, who altogether ruled for 28,876 + X (ms. P4+Ha has instead: 3443 + X) 21 years.

Proverbs: from Unug (Uruk)

The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature

 

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in blue mixed-breed demigods in teal…)

 

Segment A

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Segment B

2a - Enlil, Anu's son & heir (Enlil, King Anu‘s son & heir, Anu‘s Earth Colony Commander)

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He holds up the sky, letting the earth dangle from his hands.

Enlil‘s greatest punishment is hunger.

He bears the responsibility for it.

 

When he …… the man’s assassin, he became his opponent.

As a provisioner, …… upon those who speak proudly (?).

The …… wind …… harmful (?).

The east wind is a rain-bearing wind; the west wind is greater than those who live there.

      6b - Naram-Sin, by Sin Loved, King of Akkad  (Naram-Suen, giant semi-divine mixed-breed descendant-king of Akkad)

The east wind is a wind of prosperity, the friend of Naram-Suen.

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…… poured it out for him …….

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…… gave birth …… like a nindijir priestess, the young girl …… coming out,

the young girl …… returned it …….

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